p4 - electric circuits
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64 Terms
what charge does a proton have?
positive
what charge does an electron have?
negative
what is neutron charge?
no charge
what is a charged atom called?
ion
how to create static electricity?
friction between two insulators
what causes static electricity?
transfer of electrons, giving objects an overall charge and making them attract to other objects
what type of force is the force between two charged objects?
non contact
like charges _______
repel
unlike charges ________
attract
what is the size of an electric current in other words?
rate of flow of electric charge
the bigger the number of electrons the {{c1::bigger}} is the {{c2::current}} passing through it
what is charge measured in?
coulombs
what is electric current measured in?
amperes / amps
what is an electric current of 1 ampere
a rate of flow of 1 coulomb per second
what does a battery consist of?
two or more cells connected together
what is the equation for electric current of a circuit?
charge flow = current x time taken
what are diodes?
a diode allows current to flow in one direction only, and blocks it in the reverse direction
how is an ammeter connected to a bulb
in series
how is a voltmeter connected to a bulb?
in parallel
what does an ammeter do?
measures the current
how is a voltmeter connected to a circuit?
in parallel
what does a voltmeter measure?
potential difference
what is the unit of pd?
volts
pd formula?
pd = energy transferred / charge
what is the resistance formula?
resistance = pd / current
resistance unit
ohms
larger resistance = __________
smaller current
what is resistance?
when electrons are travelling through a circuit there are lots of vibrating particles they have to have push through
what is ohm's law
the cureent througha resistor at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the pd across the resistor
what does ohm's law state in your own words?
the current through a resistor at a constant temperature is directly proportional to the pd across the resistor
what does reversing the pd across a resistor do?
reverses current going through it
what do resistors do
reduce current flow
what do electrons do as they pass through the circuit
transfer energy as they pass through the different components
"what is the current? "
rate of flow of charge
what is the charge in a circuit’s source
electrons
what is current measured in?
amps
what is 1 amp equivalent to
one coulomb per second
what is the potential difference definition
the energy per unit of charge between 2 points
potential difference unit
volts
what is 1 volt equivalent to
1 joule per coulomb of charge
twice the resistance means ______________
twice the potential difference
a circuit where one component follows directly from another, with no junctions
what is an ammeter?
a device used to measure electrical current
what is resistance measured in?
ohms Ω
in series circuits the current is ___________ through each component
the same
in series circuit, the total pd of the power supply is __________ between the components
shared
in a series circuit the total resistance of the circuit is the ________________
sum of individual resistors
how are parallel structures organised
" electrical components are connected alongside one another, forming extra loops."
in a series circuit what does the current do
passes through every component
in a series circuit what is the total pd of cells
sum of pd in each cell
in a series circuit what is the resistance
the resistance is R1+R2
what is the current in each component in series
the same
what happens in a series circuit when you add more resistors
increases total resisistance
what is the total current through a parallel circuit
sum of currents through the separate branches
for components in parallel what is the pd across each component
the same
what is the total resistance of two (or more) components in parallel
it is less than the resistance of the resistor with the least resistance
current in a resistor in a parallel circuit formula (ohm's law)
I = V/R
when do most electrical components fail
too much current passes through a component in the appliance
resistance formula
pd / current
what is an LED
a diode that emits light when a current passes through it in the forward direction.
common LED use
indicators
thermistor meaning
temperature dependent resistor and its resistance decreases if its temperature increases (and increases if temperature decreases)
what is an LDR
resistance decreases if light intensity increases
dyk all of them (do on mwb)
yes
