gov chapter 2

Articles of confederation

first attempt to structure a government put more power to the states and didnt allow any power on national government to do its job

limited government

political system in which powers of government are restricted to prevent tyranny

what is shays rebellion

uprising of men in massachusettes in 1786-1787 to protest against oppressive laws and gain war debt payments, this was the call for a new consitution

what is republicanism

belief that the form of government in which the interests of the people are represented through elected leaders is the best form of government

what is a republican democracy

this is what we have now, we have an elected official that is from the people, the people choose who that person is

what is popular sovereignty

idea that the government gains its legitimacy through regular elections that the people elect

what are natural rights

rights that are defined in the declaration of independence as “ life liberty and the pursuit of happiness” this should be govs central purpose

federalism

division of power between the local, state and national governments

federalists vs anti federalist

federalist believed in strong national government and separation of powers

anti federalists believed in strong state governments

pluralism

idea of having variety of parties and interest within a government will strength the system and no one party will have total control

virginia plan

proposed by the larger states that say the representation should be based on the population

new jersey plan

favored the small states which says that each state should have equal representation regardless of size

the great compromise

other name is connecticut compromise

says that congress would have 2 houses which would be the senate and the house of representative

proprietary colony

colony given to a person to run, they are the owner

what is a parliamentary system

system of government in which the legislative and executive branch are closely joined, the legislative is the parliment

what is the constitution and the 2 types

document that allocates power and responsibilities and also limits power

formal: written down document

informal: laws come from people

what is bicameralism

system of government where the legislative branch is divided into upper and lower houses, the senate and the house of representatives

common sense by thomas paine

pamphlet made by thomas paine to help get support from the colonies to separate

the declaration of independence and what did it say

made in 1776, was the idea of a social contract, that all of us were created equal and had natural rights, we give up some freedom in exchange to be governed

what were the constitutional conventions and what did they agree on

they were meetings to make a new document to replace the aoc, they had to be kept secret tho

agreed to make stronger national gov, regulation of interstate commerce and more republican form of government, balanced government

federalist 10

newspapers written by james madison that talks about factions and how to cure it

you can regulate it with legislature

minority and majority

federalist papers

papers written by james madison, alexander hamilon and john jay. They were essays explaining why we should have the consituton

what was the 3/5 compromise

allowed the south to represent 3/5 of the slave population to make the number of seats in the house to be same in the north and south.

electoral college system

system to elect president and vice president

what is the supremacy clause

when national and state gov go hand in hand the national gov wins

what is the elastic clause

gave congress ways to adjust and change laws as we go and change

what are enumerated powers

powers that are written down

what is the bill of rights

the first 10 amendments in the constitutions more about the basic liberties, was put so the anti federalists would vote for the constitution

full faith and credit clause

requires states to recognize legal documents from other states as valid

what are implied powers

powers supported by the constitution that are not expressly stated in it

what is impeachment

a checking of power over the other branches that allows congress to remove the president or other positions of power over abuses of power

what is judicial review

the supreme court’s power to strike down a law or executive branch action that it finds unconstitutional

what is power of the purse

power granted to a legislature to control taxation, budgeting and government spending

what are reserved powerrs

powers not given to the national government by the constitution and are reserved to the states or the people

how did Ratification of constitution happen

9 out of 13 states had to agree many debates in between, they added bill of rights and they said yes

what were major ideas debated over the constitution

they didnt want to make another king

if the states or national government had more power

majority v minority rights ( also with federalist 10) and factions

this was the debate over factions, and they didn’t want one group to become too powerful over another. Minority would be outnumbered and majority could do something bad

this is where checks and balances comes if people are too worried about other groups then they can stop other from getting too much power, this helps to prevent tyranny and gives everyone equal power

popular majorities were controlled by indirect election of president and senators

legislative v executive power

one is not more powerful than the other, even tho there is like a president, the legislative branch has a lot of checks over them such as vetoing

what is social contract

implication or agreement where individuals in a society agree to surrender some freedoms in exchange for states protection

what happened with marbury v madison and what did it establish

us supreme court decision that established judicial review

what happened was that marbury was appointed but this was right when john adams presidency ended, so the madison didnt give it over and marbury sued

how many amendments do we have and how many have tried to have been added

we have 27 and 6 have been tried and rejected

how are amendments added

2 ways, national convention called by congress

or proposal to change by 2/3 vote in both houses in congress

then if yes then it goes and gets ratified in states which is vote by ¾ of state legislatures

what is necessary and proper clause

same thing as elastic clause, grants congress the authority to create and based off its powers

what is second treatise on government

is a text by john locke that says all people possess natural rights and that citizens have the right to rebel against the government