nervous system and cranial nerves

Nervous system

contains many complex cells (called neurons) that transmit information to and from the brain and spinal cord (SC) to various parts of the body.

sensory information

is brought into your brain

motor response

is sent out

nervous system

is divided into two major divisions: central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

central nervous system

brain, spinal cord

brain

the body’s computer

spinal cord

pathway for messages sent from the brain to the body and vice-versa.

periphery nervous system

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

cranial nerves

12 pairs. About 7 are critical for speech production, voice deglutition (swallowing), mastication [chewing], hearing, facial expression, articulation.

sensory nerves

31 pairs. Some sensory nerves innervate the muscle of respiration.

brain

The ___ is also called the cerebrum or the cortex.

gray matter

Externally, the brain is Gary in appearance, hence the name

subcortical tissue

Below the level of this “gray matter”is white matter. This neural tissue is whitish in appearance.  This tissue is also called

hemispheres

The brain is divided into a left and right half. These halves are called

contralateral innervation

• In most people who are right-handed, the left hemisphere will be dominant for language functions.

• This is due to

• The left hemisphere will control the right side of the body and vice-versa.

corpus callous

The left and right cerebral hemisphere are joined by a special band of fibers called the

commissural fibers

The corpus callous is a type of ____. It joins the left and right hemispheres together.

specific sulci

The brain contains a # of that serves as landmarks on the brain surface.

central sulcus

separate the frontal lobes from the parietal lobes.

lateral sulcus

separates the temporal lobe from the frontal & parietal lobes.

Pareto-occipital sulcus

Separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe.

precental sulcus

Immediately anchor to the central sulcus. It houses the primary motor area/cortex.

postcentral Sulcus

Immediately posterior to the central sulcus. It houses the primary somatosensory or sensory area/cortex.

cranium

The entire brain is encased in bone called the

synarthrodial joints

The cranium is actually made up of several bones that are joined by joints. These joints are

synarthrodial joints

(joints that do not move). 

frontal lobes

2, left and right. The most anterior of the lobes.

temporal lobes

2, left and right

parietal lobes

2, left and right

occipital lobe

2, left and right. The most posterior of the lobes.

primary areas

make you aware of a stimulus

association areas

allow you to interpret that stimulus.