Bio 1114 - Exam 1

Macromolcules

lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, carbs

ecosystem

everything within the community, including things that are not alive

evolution must have…

variation and selective pressures (predator)

microevolution

happens over a very short period of time

macroevolution

major changes with grand-scale patterns that occur over a long period of time

molecular evolution

study of how genetic material changes over time (DNA RNA)

Alfred Russel Wallace

famously known for conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection. spurred on Charles Darwin.

____ was the first to say the sun was the center, instead of the earth

Copernicus

Carolus Linnaeus

helped CLASSIFY many animals. Credited for the common binomial nomenclature. domain, kingdom, phylum etc.

George Buffon

species can evolve over time, but not into other species

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Believed organisms change during their lifetime based on what they use or don’t use (use and disuse). amarck believed giraffes stretched their necks to reach leaves, and over generations their offspring inherited longer necks. was proved wrong

Baron Georges Cuvier

believed that catastrophes were responsible for evolution and change of the earth

uniformitarianism (james hutton and sir charles lyell)

erosion created earth, and the earth is older than previously thought.

who and who published in the same journal?

charles darwin and alfred russel wallace

natural selection

NOT a need driven process. reproductive success based on phenotype

adaptation

you have to have something that evolution can change to better your existance

genetic change can be

positive, negative, or neutral

endemic

found in a restricted, specific area. limited, indigenous form.

convergent evolution

process when unrelated species evolve to have similar characteristics because of a similar lifestyle

Analogous structures

they are convergent traits (similar traits between different species)

allele frequency

number of specific alleles in a population / total number of ALL alleles in a population

genotypic frequency

number of individuals with a particular genotype in a population / total number of individuals in a population

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

p + q = 1 p = dominate q = recessive

polygenetic traits

follow a bell shaped curve (height, eye color, skin color)