thyroid pt 7

cystic formations usually located lateral to thyroid in submandibular region

branchial cleft cyst

during embryonic development, branchial cleft is slender tract extending from

pharyngeal cavity to opening near auricle or into neck

_________ extends either laterally from pharynx or medially from neck

diverticulum

branchial cleft cysts are usually found in

older children and young adult

Branchial cleft cyst ultrasound appearance

solid components, usually of low level echogenicity

localized collection of Pus in the neck surrounded by inflamed tissue

abscess

abscess signs and symptoms include

pain, erythemia, edema, fever, palpable mass

most commonly complex mass of low level echogenicity and irregular walls, ring-down artifact

common abscess sonographic findings

chronic abscess's are

isoechoic with surrounding tissue and indistinct margins

abscess require guided percutaneous

needle aspiration and follow up exam after treatment

Abscesses can range in its sonographic appearance, from primarily

fluid filled to completely echogenic

localized enlargement of lymph nodes due to reactive

hyperplasia, mass, metastasis, or inflammation

Oval, symmetrical, homogenous, thin outer cortex with echogenic central hilum

normal lymph node appearance

round, lobulated shape with cortical thickening and increased vascularity

abnormal node appearance

the rounder the node = increased possibility of

malignancy

what is needed to differentiate benign vs malignant nodes?

fine needle biopsy

Three main pairs of salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

thyroid gland traps ______ from blood and through series of chemical reactions

iodine

when thyroid hormone is needed by body, it is released into bloodstream by

thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

TSH is produced by

pituitary gland

increased TRH ->

decreased T3

increased TSH ->

increased T3

nodules smaller than ____ do not need any follow up, even if they are TI-RADS 5

5 mm

The cutoff point measurement for fine needle aspiration

2.5 cm

TR1 risk of malignancy is

0.3%

TR2 risk of malignancy is

1.5%

TR3 risk of malignancy is

4.8%

TR4 risk of malignancy is

9.1%

TR5 risk of malignancy is

35%