30 Models & Theories - AP HUG

Covers basic terms, names, and theories from AP HUG

Latitude

The degree based system of location measured North or south of the equator.

Longitude

The degree based system of location measured east or west of the Prime Meridian.

GIS (Geographic Information System)

A tool to allow users to visualize geographic data in layers.

Thematic Maps

A type of map that shows specifically themed data such as population density.

Population Pyramid

Used to show demographic patterns in a population using sex and age.

DTM (Demographic Transition Model)

A model that countries will go through/have gone through, each stage is categorized by CBR (Crude Birth Rate), CDR (Crude Death Rate), and NIR(Natural Increase Rate).

ETM (Epodimeolgic Transition Model)

A model conned to the DTM showing the type of diseases that a country is most likely to face based on its stage of development.

Raveinsteins Laws of Migration

Laws stating common patterns that migrants share.

Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition

A model talking about what type of migration is most likely to happen depending on the demographic stage a country is in.

Malthusian Theory of Population Growth

18th-century idea is that world population grows exponentially while food grows linearly. This ended up being inaccurate because he didn’t know we would have more food production due to technology.

S-Curve

Shows speed at which ideas are adopted. Things start slow then pick up then cool off.

Language Tree

Tree showing how languages are related. Largest is Indo-European.

Organic Theory

Inspired by Hitlerr, the idea countries need to annex each other to survive.

Mackinders Heartland Theory

Key to global power is to control central Eurasia.

Spymans Rimland Theory

Key to global power is to control the areas around Eurasia that have tons of water access.

Domino Theory

Idea from the Cold War that when one country became communist others near it would too.

Core-Periphery Model

Describes relationship between core and periphery countries. Core relies on labor from periphery.

Von Thunen Model

Shows where industry is around a city. Closest to farthest: Dairy/market gardening, forests, grains/field crops, ranching/livestock.

Ester Boserups Theory

Idea that food production will increase with population growth.

Rostows Stages

Says all countries can develop in 5 stages: 1. Traditional Society, 2. Preconditions to take off, 3. Take off, 4. Drive to maturity, 5. High Mass Consumption.

Wallersteins World Sustem

Connection between core periphery relationships and industrial development. Core countries sell to other groups. And other groups have raw materials and labor.

Dpendency

Idea World System Theory is because of colonization and colonizers forcing others to depend on them for consumer goods and food.

Webers Least Cost

States industry will try to minimize transportation cost between raw materials and finalized product. (Heavy materials = close to material source, large final product = close to market).

Christallers Central Place

Based on how far people are willing to travel for work. Based on assumptions, creating hexagon shape of main cities is surrounded by small towns and cities.

Burgess Concentric Zone

Describes layout of a city. Business in the center with industry and residential in rings around it with wealthy farthest away.

Gravity

People are more willing to go to bigger places.

Hoyt Sector

A city map where poor are near transportation and rich are near businesses.

Harris Ullman Multiple Nuclei

City layout with multiple central business districts.

Borchert Evolution Of the American Urban System

Talks about the changing in where urbanization of cities mainly is: waterways and ports, to railroads, to haul railroads in early 1900s, to cars and trucks, to tech sectors.

Zipfs Rank Size Rule

Next city in population order is 1/n the largest city.

Bid-Rent Curve

The further away from the central city. The higher the land prices.