Ch 9

New Market Economy

An economy that emerged from innovations in transportation and communication, leading to increased trade and commerce.

Erie Canal

Completed in 1825, it connected New York to the Great Lakes and significantly boosted New York's economy.

Cotton Kingdom

A term for the agricultural economy in the South that developed due to the high demand for cotton, heavily reliant on slave labor.

Transcendentalists

New England intellectuals who emphasized individual judgment over established traditions.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that emphasized self-improvement and personal salvation.

The Mill Girls

Women who worked in textile mills, often facing long hours and low wages.

Nativists

Americans who were suspicious of immigrants and believed they did not care about American culture.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that it was America’s divine right to expand across the continent, as expressed by John L. O'Sullivan.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

A Supreme Court case that defined corporate charters as contracts that could not be altered by future lawmakers.

Family Wage

The idea that male workers should earn enough to support their families, creating a gender wage gap.

The Factory System

A method of production using machinery and workers in factories, leading to the rise of industrialization in America.

Robert Fulton

Inventor of the steamboat, which revolutionized water transport in commerce.

Immigration in the 19th Century

Mass influx of people, particularly Irish and Germans, who contributed to the labor force in America.

The Early Labor Movement

A response to the economic changes and inequalities resulting from the Market Revolution, advocating for workers' rights.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic transformation in the early 19th century characterized by the expansion of markets and commercial farming.

Cult of Domesticity

19th-century ideology that glorified women's roles as homemakers and mothers, emphasizing virtue and modesty.

Commercial Farmers

Farmers who specialized in growing crops and raising livestock primarily for sale rather than local consumption.

Railroads and Telegraph

Innovations that played a crucial role in linking markets and enabling faster transportation of goods and information.

Squatters

Migrants who set up farms on unoccupied land without legal title.

The Slave Trade (1800-1860)

The domestic slave trade in the U.S. that saw over a million enslaved people moved to the Lower South.

Mormonism

A religious movement founded by Joseph Smith in the 1820s, which called for the creation of a Kingdom of God on earth.

Gibbon v. Ogden

A Supreme Court case that struck down a state-granted monopoly for steamboat navigation, promoting competition.