Cells

cell theory

all living things are made of cells, cells are the most basic unit of life, all cells come from pre-existing cells

robert hooke

first observed cells and coined the term “cells”

Anton van Leeuwenhook

observed pond scum, discovered plant cells

Matthias Schleiden

all plants are made of cells

theodor schwann

all animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

all cells come from pre-existing cells

Plant organelles not found in animal cells

cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole

animal organelles not found in plant cells

centrioles/centrosomes, lysosomes

nucleolus

starts ribosome production

nuclear pores

allow RNA and proteins to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

free ribosomes

create proteins for the cellb

bound ribosomes

create secreted proteins

cytoskeleton

provide structural support, shape, and internal transport

contractile vacuole

pumps water out of the cell, used by unicellular organisms

centrosome

assists with cell division

cytoskeleton fiber types

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

protein secretion pathway

nucleus —> rough ER —> vesicle —> golgi —> vesicle —> cell membrane (exocytosis)

Endosymbiotic Theory

1. have their own DNA

2. have double membranes

3. reproduce independently

nucleoid

where prokaryotes store their dna

aquaporins

maintain water balance in multicellular organisms