TFN: Peplau, Neuman, Orlando

Model of Health

Theory of Margaret Newman

Theory Development in Nursing (1979)
Health as Expanding Consciousness (1986 & 1994)
A Development Discipline: Selected Works of
Margaret Newman (1995)

Published books of Newman

Nursing

According to Newman, this refers to the study of caring in human health experience

Health
Pattern
Consciousness
Movement
Time and Space

What are the 5 major concepts of Newman's Model of Health

Health

According to Newman, this is a fusion of disease and non-disease creates a synthesis that is regarded as

Environment

According to Newman, this is not explicitly defined but described as being the larger whole, which contains consciousness of the individual

Person

According to Newman, these individuals are identified by their individual patterns of consciousness

1. Dimensions of Choosing
2. Dimensions of Communicating
3. Dimensions of Exchanging
4. Dimensions of Feeling
5. Dimensions of Moving
6. Dimensions of Knowing
7. Dimensions of Perceiving
8. Dimensions of Relating
9. Dimensions of Valuing

According to Newman's Model of Health, what are the 9 patterns of interaction?

Movement

In Newman's theory, this is restricted in mobility by structural or psychological pathology, who must adopt to an altered rate of movement

Pattern

In Newman's theory, this refers to information that depicts the whole understanding of the meaning and relationships at once

Consciousness

In Newman's theory, this refers to the interconnectedness of the entire living system which includes physiochemical maintenance and growth processes as well as the immune system

Time
Movement
Space

According to Newman, what are the 3 that correlates consciousness?

Time

According to Newman, this is an indicator in the changing level of consciousness

Absolute consciousness

According to Newman, this is a state in which contrasting concepts become reconciled and fused

Time and Space

According to Newman, the concept of space is inextricably linked to the concept of time

Theory of Interpersonal Relations or Psychodynamic Nursing

Theory of Peplau

Hildegard Peplau

Who is considered to be the “Mother of Psychiatric Nursing”

Needs
Frustrations
Conflicts
Anxiety

According to Peplau, what are the Four Psychobiology experiences that compel destructive or constructive patient responses

Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution or Termination

According to Peplau, what are the Phases of Nurse – Patient Relationship

Orientation

According to Peplau, the patient has a felt need and expresses the desire for professional assistance

Identification

According to Peplau, the nurse permits exploration of feelings to aid the patient in undergoing illness as an experience that reorients feelings and strengthens positive forces in the personality and provides needed satisfaction

Exploitation

According to Peplau, the patient attempts to derive full value from what he or she has offered through the relationship as he or she moves on from a dependent to independent one

Resolution

According to Peplau, this is also known as the termination phase, or the patient earns independence over his or her care as he or she gradually puts aside old goals and formulates new one

Role of the Stranger
Role of the Resource Person
Teaching Role
Leadership Role
Surrogate Role
Counseling Role

What are the 6 Nursing Roles in Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Psychodynamic Nursing

According to Peplau, this refers to being able to understand one’s own behavior to help others identify felt difficulties, and apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experience

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing

Published books of Peplau

Nursing

According to Peplau, this refers to a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. It functions cooperatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities

Person

According to Peplau, this refers to a man who is an organism that lives in an unstable balance of a given system

Health

According to Peplau, this refers to a word that symbolizes movement of the personality and other ongoing processes that directs the person towards creative, constructive, productive, and community living

Environment

According to Peplau, this refers to forces outside the organisms and in the context of the socially approved way of living, from which vital human social processes are derived such as norms, customs, and beliefs

Nursing Process Theory

Theory of Ida Jean Orlando

The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship: Function, Process, and Principles of Professional Nursing Practice (1961)
The Discipline and Teaching of Nursing Process: An Evaluative Study.

Published books of Orlando

Nurse's Responsibility

According to Orlando, “the patient’s needs for help are met, either directly by her own activity or indirectly by calling in the help of others.”

Need

According to Orlando, this is situationally defined as a requirement of the patient which, if supplied, relieves or diminishes his immediate distressor and improves his immediate sense of adequacy or well-being.

Presenting behavior of patient

According to Orlando, this is any observable verbal or nonverbal behavior

Immediate Reactions

According to Orlando, this include both the nurse and patient’s individual perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

Nurse's reactions

According to Orlando, this marks the beginning of nursing process discipline & the patient behavior stimulated a nurse reaction

Improvement

According to Orlando, this means to grow better, to turn to profit, to use to advantage.

Purpose of Nursing

According to Orlando, this supply the help a patient requires in order for his needs to be met.

Automatic Nursing Action

According to Orlando, this refers to nursing actions decided upon for reasons other than the patient’s immediate need.

Deliberative Nursing Action

According to Orlando, this refers to actions decided upon after ascertaining a need and then meeting his needs.

Person

According to Orlando, she assumes that this behave verbally or nonverbally; patients have an initial ability to communicate their needs for help.

Orlando

She does not define this, but she assumes that freedom from mental or physical discomfort and feelings of adequacy and well-being contribute to health.

Environment

In Orlando's theory, she assumes that a nursing situation occurs when there is a nurse-patient contact and that both nurse and patient perceive, think, feel, and act in the immediate situation.

1 - Assessment
2 - Diagnosis
3 - Planning
4 - Implementation
5 - Evaluation

In Orlando's theory, what are the 5 Stages of the Deliberative Nursing Process

Assessment

In Orlando's theory, nurse completes a holistic assessment of the patient’s needs, nurse uses a nursing framework to collect both subjective and objective data about the patient.

Diagnosis

In Orlando's theory, nurses uses clinical judgment about health problems, diagnosis can then be confirmed using links to defining characteristics, related factors, and risk factors found in the patient’s assessment.

Planning

In Orlando's theory, this stage addresses each of the problems identified in the diagnosis. Each problem is given a specific goal or outcome, and each goal or outcome is given nursing interventions to help achieve the goal.

Implementation

In Orlando's theory, this is when the nurse begins using the nursing care plan.

Evaluation

In Orlando's theory, nurse looks at the progress of the patient toward the goals set in the nursing care plan, changes can be made to the nursing care plan based on how well (or poorly) the patient is progressing toward the goals.