CORE SCIENTISTS YOU NEED TO KNOW (Microbio)
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20 Terms
Robert Hooke
Contribution: First to describe cells using a microscope
Why it matters: Helped develop cell theory
Extra detail: Observed cork → saw "little boxes" (cells)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Contribution: First to observe living microorganisms
Why it matters:Discovered bacteria and protozoa
Extra detail:Called them "animalcules" Built his own microscopes
Francesco Redi
Contribution: Disproved spontaneous generation (for large organisms)
Why it matters: Showed maggots come from flies, not meat
Extra detail: Covered jars → no maggots formed
John Needham
Contribution: Supported spontaneous generation
Why it matters: Argued microbes came from nonliving matter
Extra detail: Heated broth but still got microbial growth
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Contribution: Disproved Needham's results
Why it matters: Argued microbes came from air
Extra detail: Boiled and sealed broth → no growth
Rudolf Virchow
Contribution: Proposed biogenesis
Why it matters: "All cells come from preexisting cells"
Louis Pasteur
Contribution: Disproved spontaneous generation fully Developed germ theory Created pasteurization
Why it matters: Foundation of microbiology
Extra detail: Swan-neck flask experiment Linked microbes to disease and food spoilage
Ignaz Semmelweis
Contribution: Showed handwashing reduces disease
Why it matters: Prevented childbed fever
Extra detail: Doctors were spreading infections
Joseph Lister
Contribution: Introduced antiseptics in surgery
Why it matters: Reduced infection rates dramatically
Extra detail: Used phenol to kill microbes
Robert Koch
Contribution: Proved microbes cause disease Developed Koch's Postulates
Why it matters: Links specific microbe → specific disease
Extra detail: Worked with anthrax bacteria
Edward Jenner
Contribution: Developed the first vaccine (smallpox)
Why it matters: Beginning of immunology
Extra detail: Used cowpox to protect against smallpox
Paul Ehrlich
Contribution: Developed first chemotherapy drug
Why it matters: Targeted disease without harming host
Extra detail: Called it a"magic bullet"
Alexander Fleming
Contribution: Discovered penicillin Why it matters: First antibiotic
Extra detail: Observed mold killing bacteria accidentally
Carl Woese
Contribution: Created Three Domain System
Why it matters: Modern classification (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)
Extra detail: Used rRNA comparisons
Marshall & Warren (modern example)
Contribution: Linked H. pylori → stomach ulcers
Why it matters: Shows microbes cause more diseases than expected
Ernst Ruska
Contribution: Built the first electron microscope
Why it matters: Allowed scientists to see much smaller microorganisms than with light microscopes Opened the door to studying viruses and ultrastructure
Extra detail: Won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1986)
Carolus Linnaeus
Contribution: Developed binomial nomenclature
Why it matters: Standardized naming of organisms: Genus + species (e.g., E. coli)
Extra detail: Work began around 1735 Foundation of modern taxonomy
Karl von Nägeli
Contribution:
Classified bacteria and fungi as part of the plant kingdom
Why it matters:
Shows how early classification systems were inaccurate
Helps explain how microbiology evolved
Extra detail:
This classification is now outdated
Robert H. Whittaker
Contribution:
Proposed the five-kingdom classification system
Why it matters:
Step before modern 3-domain classification
Extra detail:
Introduced in 1969
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