Abby's Cardiac Masses

what exam is most diagnostic for cardiac masses?

CT

what is an MRI used for with cardiac masses?

to see the tissue of a mass

echo assessment of masses

location, size, attachment, valvular function, overall function
mass mobility, blood supply

papillary fibroelastoma

small, sea anemone shaped mass

another name for papillary fibroelastoma

papilloma

most common cardiac benign valvular tumor

papilloma

where is a papilloma most commonly seen?

AV and MV

what side of the valve is a papillary fibroelastoma found?

non flow side

fibroma

large tumors within the myocardium

characteristics of a fibroma

very reflective, soft tissue, in myocardium

lipoma

fatty, encapsulated tumor

attachment of a lipoma

sessile

sessile attachment

without a stalk, wide base

where is a lipoma typically found?

LV, RA, IAS

lipomatous hypertrophy of the IAS

thick adipose tissue of the IAS, fossa ovalis is normal

what is the symbol for lipomatous hypertrophy of the IAS?

dumb-bell appearance

rhabdomyoma

multiple tumors found in the chambers or myocardium

most common tumor found in children and fetal echoes?

rhabdomyoma

what disorder is rhabdomyoma associated with?

tuberous sclerosis

what tumor can disappear on its own?

rhabdomyoma

pericardial cyst

fluid filled cyst found near the RA

consequence of pericardial cysts

chamber compression

sarcoma

most common primary malignancy

characteristics of a sarcoma

large, sessile, predilection for right heart or pericardium, common for effusion or tamponade

symptoms of sarcomas

obstructive, congestion, dyspnea
fatigue, arrhythmia, embolization

most common sarcoma

angiosarcoma

most common sarcoma in children

rhabdosarcoma

third most common sarcoma

fibrosarcoma

least common sarcoma

leiomyosarcoma

sarcoma found in adults over 50 years

leiomyosarcoma

what type of mass is cardiac lymphoma

primary malignant tumor

predilection for a cardiac lymphoma

RA

most common site for secondary malignant tumors

pericardium

most common secondary malignant tumor

malignant melanoma

least common secondary malignant tumor

renal cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma

cancer in the kidneys that spreads through the renal vein, then IVC, then RA

teratoma

Rare tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone

extracardiac masses

mediastinal, intrathoracic tumors, hematoma, hernia

intracardiac thrombi causes

damaged endothelial surface, low velocity blood flow, increased coagulability

infective endocarditis

infection can cause a growth and destruction on the leaflets

what disease can look like trabeculations?

thrombus or non compaction of LV

non compaction of the LV

heart muscular wall doesn't fully develop and it looks spongy