Lower Gastrointestinal Problems Nursing Assessment and Implementation

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering lower gastrointestinal conditions, diagnostics, clinical manifestations, and nursing implementations as discussed in the lecture transcript.

Diarrhea

The passage of $3$ or more loose stools per day.

Acute diarrhea

Diarrhea that lasts $14$ days or less.

Persistent diarrhea

Diarrhea that lasts more than $14$ days.

Chronic diarrhea

Diarrhea that lasts more than $30$ days.

Enterocytes

Cells in the small intestine where infectious organisms alter secretion and absorption.

Protein pump inhibitors

Medications that decrease stomach acid, allowing infectious organisms to survive.

Toxic megacolone

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to infectious organisms when antidiarrheals are used.

Esopharmacin

A common antibiotic, along with fluoroquinolone, used if bacteria is the causative agent of diarrhea.

Seedif

A healthcare-associated infection where spores can survive up to $70$ days; requires hand hygiene using only soap and water as alcohol-based cleaners are ineffective.

Fecal microbiota transplant

A procedure for recurrent C. diff infections where a donor's thesis is administered through an enema, NG2, or colonoscopy.

Anerectal reflex

A reflex stimulated during a ball training program using a bisocadal, glycerin suppository, or small enema.

Constipation

Fewer than $2$ stools per week accompanied by straining, incomplete evacuation, bloating, and hard or lumbi stools.

Acute constipation

Constipation lasting less than $1$ week.

Chronic constipation

Constipation lasting greater than $3$ months.

Cathartic colon syndrome

A contributing factor for chronic constipation.

Obstipation

A clinical manifestation of severe constipation.

Irritable bowl syndrome (IBS)

A disorder defined as chronic abdominal pain and altered bowl patterns for at least $1$ day a week for $3$ months.

Low FODMAP diet

A dietary therapy for IBS that avoids gluten and specific fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyels.

Linacletide

A therapy for IBSC that is contraindicated in patients with a history of mechanical obstruction or prior ball surgery.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix, most common between $10$ to $30$ years old, which can lead to gangrene or perforation.

McBurnie's point

The specific location in the RLQ where persistent pain occurs during appendicitis.

Soze

A sign of appendicitis characterized by pain with the extension of the right thigh.

Octurator

A sign of appendicitis characterized by pain with a passive internal rotation of the flexed thigh.

Rossing sign

Increased RLQ pain when palpating the LQ.

Peridonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum caused by bloodborne organisms or organ perforation; symptoms include rebound tenderness, rigidity, and spasms.

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine, most commonly caused by viruses.

Norovirus

A common foodborne cause of gastroenteritis.

Inflammatory bowl disease (IBD)

An autoimmune disease including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.

Crohn's disease

A form of IBD featuring inflammation from the mouth to the anus, characterized by a cobblestone appearance and deep ulcerations affecting all bowl layers.

Ulcerative colitis

A disease of the colon and rectum that affects the mucosal layer and moves from the rectum toward the seacum.

Pseudopolyps

Tongue-like projections that form in the bowel of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Infliximab

An anti-DNF agent given IV to induce and maintain remission in IBD, specifically recommended for patients with draining fistulas.

Genus kinase inhibitors

The newest drugs for ulcerative colitis that block the JAK enzyme; patients must be tested for TB prior to treatment.

Mechanical obstruction

A ball obstruction occurring most often in the small intestine due to surgical effesions, hernias, cancer, or strictures.

Paralytic islas

The most common form of non-mechanical obstruction characterized by a lack of intestinal peristals and ball sounds.

Sessile polyps

Polyps that arise from the mucosal surface and project into the lumen without a stalk.

Pedunculated polyps

Polyps that project into the lumen and are attached to the mucosal surface by a stalk.

Colarital cancer (CRC)

The second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men and women, often starting from a polyp.

Ostomy

A surgically created opening on the abdomen used for fecal elimination.

Stoma

The outermost visible part of an ostomy.

Diverticula

Secular deletions or outpouchings of the mucosa in the colon, commonly occurring in the left descending sigmoid colon.

Diverticulitis

Inflammation of one or more diverticula, often presenting as acute pain in the lower left quadrant.

Reducible hernia

A protrusion of tissue through a weakened cavity wall that easily returns to the abdominal cavity.

Incarcerated hernia

An irreducible hernia that cannot be placed back into the abdominal cavity.

Strangulated hernia

A hernia where the blood supply is compromised, potentially resulting in bowl obstruction, gingrin, and necrosis.

Melodsorption syndrome

Impaired absorption of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins; most commonly caused by lactose intolerance.

Celiac disease

An autoimmune disease triggered by gluten (wheat, barley, and rye) that damages the mucosa of the small intestine.

Steteria

Foul-smelling, fatty stools which serve as a common sign of malabsorption syndromes.

Dermatitis herbivormous

A rare reproductive or skin-related symptom associated with celiac disease.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS)

A condition resulting from reduced surface area in the small intestine, leading to inadequate absorption of nutrients.

Hemorrhoids

Abnormally dilated hemorrhoidal veins caused by increased anal pressure and weakened connective tissues.

Pylonital sinus

A small tract under the skin between the buttocks in the sacrocaxigial area, often filled with epithelium and hair.

Psyllium

A daily bulk forming laxative that must be mixed with $8$ ounces of water to prevent side effects like nausea and abdominal discomfort.