ch 10

What is aggression?

The intentional infliction of harm towards another person, which can be indirect or direct, and provoked or unprovoked.

What does Freud's instinct theory suggest about aggression?

Aggression is based on an innate tendency to release aggression and harm others.

What does frustration-aggression theory explain?

Frustration is most likely due to societal limitations, leading to further aggression.

What does social learning theory suggest about aggressive behavior?

We learn to be aggressive by watching others and imitating their aggressive behavior.

What is the General Aggression Model (GAM)?

A model that uses a chain of events to explain what leads to aggression.

What are situational factors in the context of aggression?

Factors like frustration and provocation that relate to ongoing situations.

What are individual factors regarding aggression?

Attitudes, beliefs, values, understanding others' intentions, irritability, and how individuals involved in situations may react.

What are the three basic processes in the GAM?

Arousal, affective or emotional states, and cognitions.

What does arousal refer to in GAM?

An increase in excitement or physiological arousal.

What is meant by affective or emotional states in GAM?

Facial expressions and hostile feelings.

What do cognitions in GAM refer to?

Hostile thoughts.

What is frustration?

The feeling experienced when not getting what we want or need, often involving distress.

What is provocation in terms of aggression?

A strong cause of aggression that can be followed by criticism, sarcasm, or physical assaults.

What were the Bobo Doll Experiments?

Research that showed children mimicked aggressive behavior displayed by adults towards a doll.

What is narcissism?

A form of self-centeredness characterized by a lack of empathy and feelings of superiority.

How does temperature relate to aggression?

Heat can cause irritability, which may lead to increased aggression.

What is the effect of alcohol on aggression?

Alcohol intake can increase aggressive behavior by reducing inhibitions and increasing impulsivity.

What is the relationship between guns and aggression?

Gun availability can lead to increased violent intentions and homicide rates.

What defines bullying?

Intentional and repeated aggression towards another person.

What are common characteristics of bullying victims?

Victims often exhibit traits like being unhappy, unsafe, lonely, and awkward.

What are common factors among bullies?

Factors may include anxiety, hyper-masculine traits, callousness towards suffering, and high social intelligence.

What contextual factors contribute to bullying?

Poor parental supervision, parent conflict, gang presence, unsafe communities, and lack of teacher support.

What is the role of punishment in the context of bullying?

Consequences designed to reduce aggression and promote better behavior.

What are the pros and cons of punishment?

Punishment can lead to desirable behavior but may become dangerous depending on the context.

What are the four basic requirements of punishment?

Punishment must be prompt, certain, strong, and justified.

What is self-regulation?

Promoting prosocial thoughts and strengthening internal mechanisms of control.

What are the pros and cons of self-regulation?

It can teach self-control techniques, but not everyone may be patient enough for it to work.

What does the catharsis hypothesis entail?

Vent in nonharmful ways to help people feel better emotionally.

What are the pros and cons of the catharsis hypothesis?

Venting can help, but it might also lead to increased anger and aggression.