pig production system

scavenging

• pig herd maintained in the general environment

• allow to forage for its feed

• fattened opportunitstically eg when grain prices are low

• fattened for specific purpouse

economicallyh important breeding features

• litter size

• growth rate

• feed efficiency

• carcase length

• leannes

• muscle

intensive system

• specialised feeds

• breeding is controlled and breeds are developed to suit individual markets

• close monitoring of sow performance and piglet to finished animal growth rates

• building and infrastructure investments high

types of pig farms

• farrow to finish- deal with whole process

• farrow to weaning- pigs bred on farm and reared to weaning at around 7kg

• farrow to grower- pigs bred and reared on farm to around 30kg

• wean to finish- pigs bought from breeder unit and weaning and reared at 7-100kg

• grower to finish- pigs bought in from farrow to grower unit and reared 30-100kg

indoor

• temp, health status, cleaning

• slatted and straw based

legislation

• what is banned/ restricted

• tether stall banned in eu

• sow stall is banned in sweden, switzerland, uk and florida

• sow stall use is restrcted in phillipines

• sow stall is banned in eu except for first 4 weeks of pregnancy, new zealand except first 4 weeks, aust4ralia, escept first 6 weeks

types of weaned pig housing

• straw kennel

• part slatted solid feed

• full slatted solid feed

• solid floor and heated kennels

• liquid feeding

• weaner tent

types of feeding systems in indoor sows

• electric sow feeder

• feeding stalls

• trickle feeding

• dump feeding

what does combining feed ingredients need to consider

• cost

• proviion of energy, protein, minerals, vitamins

• amino acid profile and protein quality

• palatability

• ensuring gut flora is appropriately developed and mainitained

• feed is clean

stages of feeding- baby piglets

• need to get piglets to eat

• offer creep feed from a week of age

• feed should be replaced with fresh feed each days

• feed when sow and litter are active

• hihgly digestible speciality diet

• clean and fresh water

• make sure they are eating some solid feed before weaned

stages of feeding- weaner

• what should the conditions be the first 48 hours after weaning

• what is the risk for the first 2 weeks of weaning

• what shoudl gain be after weaning and 28 days after

• first meal is important

• feed should be offered constantly at early stages

• must be fresh

• level feed a number of times per day, look for nose marks

• cube drinkers

• first 48hrs after weaning lighting should be continuous

• in firt 2 weeks of weaning pigs can lose weight, feed to avoid this

• will be aorund 0.1kg per day just after weaning and rise to 0.8 after 28 days after weaning

• breeding for nleannes has led to some pigs with reduced appetite

stages of feeding- breeding stock- gilts, sows, boaars

• how much do lactating sows and glts need

• how muc kg per pig nursed

• what crude protein percentage

• why is it important to ensure they do not get too fat

• lactating sows and gilts will eat 1.1-1.4kg per day per 45kg of bodyweight

• 0.45kg per pig nursed plus 1.4kg per sow per day of a 15 percent crude protein ratio

• high temps reduce feed intake as do diets with high energy

• diets with higher protein increase feed intake

• water supply

• important to avoid boar being too fat as they become poor breeders

• should be given hiher rations when emps drop below 20 degrees

• boars reuqire diff levels of feeding and wuality depending on if young, mature breeding season or maintenance

liquid feeding

• how much percent of dry matter

• what does it reduce

• what can it come from

• 20-30 percent dry matter

• reduction of dust

• standard dry mix meal

• by products of dairy industry

• by products of starch industry

• by products of brewing industry

• by product of human food industry

dry feeding

• how much percent dry matter

• 80-90 percent dry matter

• can be mroe dusty

• feed stuffs:

• mainly cereals and soya

• by products of

• rapemeal

• wheatfeed

• biscuit meal

• cake b

• bread

• cereal prodcuts

causes of poor growth rates

• genetics- fcr

• over stocking

• too cold or hot- vfi

• illness

causes of improved growth rates

• adquate water

• increased food intake as long as fcr does not deteriotate

• low stress

• ad lib feed- vfi

• pelleted food -fcr

• increased amino acid intake

housing- temp

• lower critical temp- feed energy is used to keep warms rather to maintain body or grow

• upper critical temp- feed eneegy is uded to keep cool and drop in appetite

ventilation

• in temperate condiitons

• in summer conditions

• in temperate conditions proviude variable air througout to control house temp

• in summer conditions provide adequate air to limut building temp to 3-4 degrees above outside temo

• in very hot provide airspeeds over stck to increase uct of animals

• in cold provide defined and contollable minimum ventialation rats wgile maintaining desirable airflow patterns withoiyt draught on animas

kpi

• pigs weaned per sow per year

• performance kpi is pigs weaned per litter, average weaned weigfht per piglet

why is kpi a good breeding metirc

• includes pigs born per litter

• litter per year

• mortality

types of pig produced

• pork pigs (60-75kg) for small joints on bone

• cutter pig (76-85kg) trimmed of fat and skin, supermarket

• bacon (86-104kg)

• heavy hog (100-125) sausages pies and processed

• killed breeding stock- exported to eu

issues

• mobility of livestock

• market froces

• mithdrawal of zinc oxide products used at medicinal level in poig feed by 2022

sow stall