National interests and leading up to world war 1

To what extent does nationalism drive the pursuit of national interests?

aligning state actions with popular loyalty, ensuring sovereignty, and prioritizing the nation's welfare over international concerns. It shapes policies on economics, security, and territory, often fostering unity and promoting specific cultural or political goals to maintain national identity

What is the relationship between nationalism and the pursuit of national interest?

nationalism acting as the emotional and ideological driver that defines a state's goals. Nationalism prioritizes the nation's welfare, often defining "national interest"—security, prosperity, and cultural identity—to the exclusion or detriment of other nations.

What ways do nations and nation-states pursue national interests?

security, economic prosperity, and stability—through a combination of foreign and domestic policies. These goals are achieved using a mix of diplomacy, economic treaties, military power, and the promotion of cultural values. Strategies include active engagement in international organizations, forming alliances to counter threats, and implementing domestic laws that ensure security, public health, and economic growth.

National interest break down catagories

• Cultural

• economic

• Political

• Religious

• Military

What do nations have to choose between?

Nation interests and international interests and where they want to spend their nations money.

Why do nations pursue national interests?

• A nations survival

• A nations economic growth and power

• The maintenance of quality of life for the people in the nation

Sovereignty

the supreme, absolute, and independent authority of a state or governing body to rule itself, make its own laws, and manage its own affairs without external interference.

How can canada protect its northern sovereignty

Build military bases, resolve land disputes with inuit groups, expand resource exploration and development, move goods by sea through the northwest passage

When did WW1 start?

Started on June 28th, 1914 and lasted till novermber 11, 1918

What did the end of the war result in?

The start of WW2

M.A.I.N causes of WW1

M- Militarism: Building up on military strengths and weapons for purposes of national securirty/armed conflict

A- Alliances: Teams/sides

I-Imperialism: Colonies and global influence/power

N-Nationalism: Unifying and binding of people under a common cause

What were the pre- war alliances

The triple alliance : Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy

The triple entente: Russia, France, and Great Britain

Why does germany make a massive navy

To try and match Britains navy

What does Germany compete France and Russia for?

Largest/most powerful land army in europe

What is this race for the most powerful navy/land army known as?

“arms race”

First Moroccan Crisis 1905-1906

International crisis known as the Tangier Crisis emerged. This was over the status of Morocco. Kaiser ll (germany) declaremd support to sultan abdelaziz for his sovereignty, amounting to a challenge to French authority and influence the region. The German chancellor threatened war over the issue, stating that a multilateral conference was needed, france did not want that. Germany called up reserve troops and France moved troops to the germany border.

What was called to settle the first moroccan dispute? How did it end?

The Algeciras conference 1906, Germany had one supporter (Austria-hungary) while France had the support of Britian, Russia, Italy, Spain, and the USA. It resulted with the Germans accepting and the franca yielded control of the Morroccan police but retained control of Moroccan political and financial affairs.

Second Moroccan crisis 1911

France deployed a substantial force of troops to the interior of Morocco. Germany didnt oppose this, however they wanted territorial compensation for itself. Berlin threatened warfare and stirred up angry nationalists.

What resolved the Second Moroccan crisis?

Negotiations between berlin and paris

• France took over Morocco as a protectorate in exchange for territorial concessions to germany from the french congo

• Britain was alarmed at Germanys hostility and aggressiveness, and the relations between the two soured

What was Slavic nationalism in the Balkans?

A movement where slavic people sought independence, aiming to break away from Austria-Hungary and the ottoman empire. It was fueled by pride in national identity

Which country strongly supported serbia?

Russia

Shared slavic identity and political alliance

Who controlled the Balkans in the 1400s-1500s

Ottoman empire, capital being constantinople

Why did nationalism grow in the Balkans?

People resented the Ottoman rule

Cultural and relgious differences

Desire for independence

Why is the battle of Kosovo(1389) important?

Serbian defeat by Ottomans

Became a symbol of national identity

Strengthened serbia nationalism

Who was considered the “other” in balkan nationalism

Turkish speaking muslim rulers

Seen as outsiders controlling the region

Whcih balkan countries gained independence by 1878?

• serbia

• romania

• montenegro

• Bulgaria

What triggered the first balkan war (1912)?

• Balkan states wanted remaining ottoman land

• Alliances foremd: Serbia, greece, bulgaria, montenegro

• Encouraged by italy

Who fought in the first balkan war?

Balkan league vs ottoman empire

Balkan league had more soldiers

What were the results of the first balkan war?

Ottomans lost most european territory

Treaty of London (1913)

Millions of people affected

What happened in the treaty of London (1913)?

• Ottomans gave up 60 000 square miles

• Lost most european land

• Empire weakened a lot

What caused the second balkan war 1913?

Disputes over land after the first war

bulgaria attacked serbia and greece

What happened in the second balkan war?

Bulgaria fought multiple neighbors

Ottoman empire regained some land

Balkan league collapsed

Why was serbia important after the balkans wars?

Became stronger but isolated

Supported by russia

Tensions with austria-hungary increased

What did otto von bismarck predict?

A major war would start from the balkans

Reffered to a “dammed fool incident£

How did italy unify? ( 1848-1871)

Through wars and politcal votes

Became a nation-state

Sought power and colonies

How did germany unify? 1871

United german states into one nation

Strong nationalism developed

Began military expansion

What effect did nationalism have in europe?

Increased pride and unity within nations

Created rivalries between countries

Contributed to future conflicts (ww1)