UK Water Supply and Demand - GCSE Geography Paper 3

Flashcards covering UK water supply/demand statistics, pollution data, conservation targets, and the proposed Lincolnshire reservoir project details.

By what percentage has average household water use in the UK increased since 1985?

Average household water use has increased by $70\%$ since 1985.

What is the estimated daily increase in water demand in the UK by 2050?

An increase of approximately $4 \text{ billion litres}$ a day.

How do water companies define "effective rainfall"?

The amount of water left for supply after some has been evaporated or used by plants.

What are the variances in annual effective rainfall between the north-west and eastern England?

It varies from more than $2500\,mm$ a year in the north-west to less than $200\,mm$ a year in parts of eastern England.

What percentage of water supply comes from surface water in England versus Wales?

Surface water accounts for $64\%$ of supply in England and $93\%$ in Wales.

Which region in England is estimated to account for $50\%$ of the increasing water demand between 2020 and 2050?

The South East.

What is the predicted percentage decrease in total water supply by 2045 due to climate change?

Total water supply is predicted to decrease by $7\%$.

How much water does the average person in the UK use daily, and what is the reduction goal for the next 20 years?

The average person uses $140\text{ litres}$ a day, with a goal to reduce this to $100\text{ litres}$ or less.

How many Category 1 and 2 water pollution incidents were recorded by the Environment Agency in 2021?

There were $325$ incidents recorded.

What were the two most commonly identified pollutants found in rivers according to the transcript?

Untreated sewage and agricultural slurry.

What is the largest single use of water in English households, representing $30\%$ of use?

Flushing toilets.

How much water is estimated to be lost to leakage each day in England?

Over $3 \text{ billion litres}$ a day, which is approximately $20\%$ of the supply.

What is the government target for household water use per person by 2050?

$110\text{ litres}$ per person per day.

From which two rivers will the proposed Lincolnshire reservoir take water during the winter?

The River Trent and River Witham.

What is the planned water storage capacity and daily supply capability of the proposed Lincolnshire reservoir?

It will hold $55 \text{ million } m^3$ of water and supply up to $166 \text{ million litres}$ a day.

How many homes is the proposed Lincolnshire reservoir intended to supply?

$500000 \text{ homes}$.

What is the estimated total investment value the Lincolnshire reservoir will bring to the area?

$£2.6 \text{ billion}$ of direct and indirect investment.

What are the primary social concerns raised by local residents regarding the Lincolnshire reservoir project?

Over $50 \text{ families}$ losing their homes, loss of jobs, road closures, and increased traffic congestion during construction.

What were the four categories of serious water pollution sources identified in government figures?

Illegal dumping, waste treatment, discharged untreated sewage, and farming activities.

What are the environmental and recreational benefits cited for the Lincolnshire reservoir development?

Creation of wetland habitats, facilities for sailing and wind surfing, and a network of footpaths and cycle tracks.