Larynx and TOUNGE

M. styloglossus

M. hyoglossus

M. genioglossus

M. propria linguae

Muscle of tongue

M. styloglossus

extends from the stylohyoid bone to the tongue. It
is composed of three muscle heads that insert in the tongue at
different levels along its long axis.

M. styloglossus

Action: To draw the tongue caudally when all three heads act
together.

M. hyoglossus

is located in the root of the tongue. It arises from the
ventrolateral surface of the basihyoid and the adjoining end of the
thyrohyoid bone.

M. hyoglossus

Action: To retract and depress the tongue.

M. genioglossus

is a thin, triangular muscle that lies in the
intermandibular space, in and ventral to the tongue.

M. genioglossus

Action: To depress the tongue. The caudal fibers draw the
tongue rostrally

the rostral fibers curl the apex of the tongue
ventrally

M. propria linguae

is the intrinsic tongue musculature that consists
of many muscular bundles that are located among the fascicles of
insertion of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

M. propria linguae

Action: To protrude the tongue and bring about complicated
intrinsic, local movementsto prevent the tongue from being

bitten

to prevent the tongue from being
bitten

MUSCLE OF PHARYNX

The muscles of the pharynx are primarily associated with the
laryngopharynx

MUSCLE OF SOFT PALATE

M. palatinus (m. uvulae)

1. M. palatinus (m. uvulae)

is a small, straight muscle that runs
longitudinally through the soft palate.

M. palatinus (m. uvulae)

Action: To shorten the palate and curl the caudal border
ventrally

M. cricothyroideus.

M. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

M. cricoarytenoideus lateralis

M. vocalis

M. ventricularis

M. arytenoideus transversus

M. hyoepiglotticus

muscle of larynx

M. cricothyroideus

is a thick muscle on the lateral surface of the
larynx between the thyroid lamina and the cricoid cartilage

cricothyroideus

Action: To pivot the cricoid cartilage on its thyroid

articulation, thus tensing the vocal cords.

M. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

arises from the entire length of the
dorsolateral surface of the cricoid cartilage.

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

Action: To open the glottis by abducting the vocal folds.

M. cricoarytenoideus lateralis

arises from the lateral and cranial
surface of the cricoid cartilage

cricoarytenoideus lateralis

Action: To pivot the arytenoid cartilage medially and close the

rima glottis

M. thyroarytenoideus

is the parent muscle mass, which has given
rise to the m. ventricularis and the m. vocalis.

thyroarytenoideus

Action: To relax the vocal cord and constrict the glottis.

M. vocalis

is a medial division of the original thyroarytenoid
muscle mass.

vocalis

Action: To draw the arytenoid cartilage ventrally, thus to relax vocal cord

M. ventricularis

is a cranial division of the thyroarytenoid
muscle mass, which has shifted its origin in the dog from the
thyroid cartilage to the cuneiform process of the arytenoid
cartilage

Ventricularis

Action: To constrict the glottis and dilate the laryngeal

ventricle.

M. arytenoideus transversus

originates broadly on the muscular
process of the arytenoid cartilage at the line of insertion of the
thyroarytenoideus.

arytenoideus transversus

Action: To constrict the glottis and adduct the vocal folds

M. hyoepiglotticus

a small, spindle-shaped muscle, arises from the
medial surface of the ceratohyoid bone

hyoepiglotticus

Action: To draw the epiglottis ventrally