world history semester 2- ISM WW1 and WW2

What is the White Man’s Burden?

The belief that Europeans had a duty to civilize other peoples.

What is nationalism?

Pride and loyalty to one’s nation.

What is trench warfare?

A type of fighting where soldiers battle from trenches.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

The treaty that ended World War I and punished Germany.

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Japan’s modernization and industrialization beginning in 1868.

What is imperialism?

When a country extends control over weaker territories.

What is militarism?

Building up military strength and preparing for war.

What was the Mandate System?

A system where stronger nations governed former colonies after WWI.

What was the Scramble for Africa?

European competition to colonize Africa.

What was the Armenian Genocide?

The mass killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire.

What are alliances?

Agreements between countries to support one another.

What is propaganda?

Information used to influence public opinion.

What was the Taiping Rebellion?

A large rebellion in China against the Qing Dynasty.

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

A Chinese uprising against foreign influence.

Why did European nations establish spheres of influence in Asia?

To gain trade, resources, and political control.

Why were Europeans able to establish spheres of influence in Asia?

They had stronger militaries, weapons, and technology.

What was a result of increased contact between Europeans and others from 1700–1900?

Trade expanded, ideas spread, and imperialism increased.

What happened to Africa’s borders in 1885?

Europeans divided Africa at the Berlin Conference.

What were Africa’s borders based on?

European interests rather than ethnic groups.

How did Africans feel about the new boundaries in Africa?

Many disliked them because they split ethnic groups apart.

Why did Britain and France want control of Egypt?

To control the Suez Canal and trade routes.

What are key characteristics of fascism?

Strong dictatorship, nationalism, militarism, and limited freedoms.

What impact did colonizers have on countries they took over?

They controlled governments, took resources, and changed cultures.

What were the four major causes of WWI?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism (MAIN).

How was WWI different from previous wars?

New technology and trench warfare caused massive casualties.

What treaty ended WWI?

The Treaty of Versailles.

What was the result of the Treaty of Versailles in Germany?

Germany lost land, paid reparations, and had military limits.

Why was the Balkan Peninsula called the “powder keg of Europe”?

Because nationalism and tensions made war likely.

Which countries were the Central Powers during WWI?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

Which countries were the Allied Powers during WWI?

Britain, France, Russia, and later the United States.

How were WWI and the Russian Revolution related?

WWI hardships helped cause the Russian Revolution.

What was the major cause of the Russian Revolution?

Poverty, hunger, and unhappiness with the Tsar.

What was the slogan of the Russian Revolution?

“Peace, Land, and Bread.”

Why did peasants support the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolution?

Because they promised land and better conditions.

What country replaced the Ottoman Empire?

Turkey.

What was the goal of the Boxer and Taiping Revolutions in China?

To fix problems in China and reduce foreign influence.

Why did the Armenian Genocide happen?

Ottoman leaders feared Armenians would support enemies.

What is fascism?

A political system with a powerful dictator and extreme nationalism.

What was the Holocaust?

The mass murder of Jews and other groups by Nazi Germany.

What was the Five-Year Plan?

Stalin’s plan to industrialize the Soviet Union.

What is collectivization?

The government taking control of farms.

What is total war?

When a country uses all resources for war.

What is totalitarianism?

A government with total control over citizens.

What is appeasement?

Giving in to demands to avoid conflict.

What is genocide?

The deliberate destruction of a group of people.

Who was Joseph Stalin?

The dictator of the Soviet Union after Lenin.

Who was Winston Churchill?

Britain’s Prime Minister during WWII.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

The fascist dictator of Italy.

What were the Nuremberg Laws?

Laws that discriminated against Jews in Nazi Germany.

What was Pearl Harbor?

A Japanese attack that brought the U.S. into WWII.

Who was Adolf Hitler?

The Nazi dictator of Germany.

Who was FDR?

Franklin D. Roosevelt, U.S. president during most of WWII.

What was D-Day?

The Allied invasion of Normandy, France.

Why did the world fall into a depression after WWI?

Economic instability, war debts, and unemployment.

What were reasons for the rise of totalitarian governments in the 1920s–1930s?

Economic problems and weak democracies.

Why did many people support Nazi programs before WWII?

They promised jobs, recovery, and national pride.

What event ended WWII?

Japan surrendered after atomic bombs were dropped.

What was the purpose of the Nuremberg Laws?

To discriminate against and separate Jews.

Which countries were the Allied Powers during WWII?

The United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.

Which countries were the Axis Powers during WWII?

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

What were the European and Pacific Theaters?

The main areas where fighting occurred during WWII.

What event brought the United States into WWII?

The attack on Pearl Harbor.

What was the purpose of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and the result?

To industrialize the Soviet Union quickly.

Describe the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin.

A totalitarian government with fear, control, and limited freedoms.

Why were Japan and Germany able to recover economically after WWII?

Government rebuilding and industrial growth.

How was WWII a turning point for European colonies?

Many colonies gained independence.