Ancient History - Greece

When did the Ionian Revolt start and end?

499-493

When was the Battle of Lade?

494

What happened in the Battle of Lade?

Phoenicians sail out versus Ionians, but most of the Ionians desert

What happened at the Battle of Ephesus?

Persians catch Ionians at Ephesus and inflict extensive casualty. The Athenians abandon the Ionian cause

What happened to Mardonius’ fleet when he first crossed the Hellespont?

They got caught in a storm and lost 300 ships

When was the Battle of Marathon?

490

Who were the Persian commanders at Marathon?

Datis and Artaphernes

What three city states do the Persians take just before Marathon?

Naxos, Delos and Eretria

Who were the Greek commanders for Marathon?

Miltiades and Callimachus

How many Athenians and Plataeans were there at Marathon?

10000 and 1000

How large was the Persian force at Marathon?

25000

How many city states attended the conference at Isthmus for the formation of the Hellenic League?

30-70/100

How many city states were named on the Serpent’s Column?

31

When does Mardonius bridge across the Hellespont for the second time?

438

When does Xerxes cross into Greece?

May 480

When was the Battle of Thermopylae?

480

What was the Battle of Artemesium simultaneous to?

Thermopylae

What kind of the battle was Battle of Artemesium?

Naval

When was the Battle of Plataea?

479

How many Persians died at Plataea?

30k/100k

How many Greeks died at Plataea?

2k/40k

When was the Battle of Mycale?

479

What happened at the Battle of Mycale?

Council of War sails on Samos while Persians are beached on Mycale. Persians lose to Spartans, Athenians and rebelling Ionians

What was the significance of Mycale?

Ended defence of mainland Greece

What is the Pentecontaetia?

Fifty years between Persian Wars and Peloponnesian Wars

When and where did the Delian League first meet?

477 at Delos

When did the Athenians take Byzantium?

478-477

When was the Siege and Capture of Eion? (Delian League)

476-475

When did the Delian League do the conquest of Scyrus?

474-473

When was the Coercion of Carystus?

472

When was the Revolt and Subjugation of Naxos?

470

When was the Battle of Eurymedon?

468

When was the Revolt of Thasos?

465

Who was the Spartan commander and Mycale?

Leotychides

When was the Battle at Tanagra?

457

What was the first Athenian-Spartan battle of the Peloponnesian War?

The Battle of Tanagra

What was the Peace of Callais?

Greek cities live under own laws with satraps banned from three day radius of the sea

When was the Thirty Year Peace agreed?

446

Ionic order?

Curls known as volutes

Doric order?

Simple and circular

When does the Peloponnesian War begin?

In 431 when Thebans attack Plataea

When was the Athenian plague?

430

When did the Revolt of Lesbos happen?

428

When was the punishment of Mytilene?

427

What was the Thoudippos Decree?

Increased tribute payments to 1460 talents

When was the Thoudippos Decree issued?

425

When was Pylos and Sphacteria?

425

When was the Thracian Campaign?

424-422

Who was the Spartan commander for the Thracian campaign?

Brasidas

What were the terms of the 423 armistice?

Athens would endure no further defections and they called a truce

When was the Peace of Nicias?

421

When was the Sicilian Expedition?

415-413

When did Athens attempt to siege sycracuse?

414

When is the Syracusan Naval Victory?

413

What was the Treaty of Miletus?

Between Persia and Sparta, handing Ionian states to the Persians

When was the oligarchic revolution?

411

What did the Old Oligarch write?

The Constitution of the Athenians

How many councillors did each tribe select for the boule?

50

What was the Prytany system?

35-6 days when councillors on call, prepared agenda for council meetings and one was elected for chairman each day

How many magistrates does Aristotle say served in Attica each year?

700

What was The Eleven?

Responsible for legal punishments and managing state prison

Who could attend the assembly?

any citizen

What is Aristophanes Wasps about?

Parodies law courts- elderly father addicted to court

What was Aristophanes Knights about?

Cleon, slave, flattering a master named Demos

What does Xenophon say about the Metics?

Emphasises economic contribution in Poroi

What does Old Oligarch say about the Metics?

Made valuable contribution to the Athenian fleet

What does Plato say about the Metics?

Pericles’ mistress of high intelligence

What does the Old Oligarch say about slaves?

That they had it too easy

What was the Thesmophoria?

Female festival for Demeter and Persephone where they camped for three days near the Pryx

When was Socrates put on trial?

399

What does Thucydides say about the building programme?

If Sparta was abandoned, their great power would not be attributed to the ruins like Athens would be

What was the first building noticable as a visitor of the Acropolis

Temple of Athena Nike

What three things are on the friezes in the Temple of Athena Nike?

Groups of gods, Battle of Plataea and Athens vs Corinth at Megara

What was the propylaea?

Formed entrance to Acropolis

What were all the metopes in the Parthenon decorated with?

Mythical scenes

What four things did the metopes in the parthenon present?

Sack of Troy, Centauromachy, Gigantomachy, Amazonomachy

What do the scholars say about the images on the metopes?

Linked with threats to Athens: women, barbarians and tyranny

What does Pausanius say in Description of Greece was on the pediments at the parthenon?

The birth of Athena

What do the friezes at the parthenon present?

Importance of procession to Athenian life. 192 horsemen = 192 killed at Marathon

Where was the sacred olive wood carving of Athena kept?

The Erechtheion

What did the Temple of Poseidon at Sounion depict?

Centauromachy, Gigantomachy and Labours of Theseus

Who would see the Temple at Sounion?

Ships approaching Piraeus

When was the City Dionysia?

Late March

When was the Lenaea?

Late January

When was Rural-Dionysia?

Mid-winter

Who chose the choregos for the City Dionysia?

Eponymous archon

What was the Panathenaia?

Festival celebrating Athena’s birthday

What was the Panathenaia celebration centred around?

A procession to Acropolis

Who introduced musical competition to the Panathenaia?

Pericles

When was the Battle of Aegospotami?

405

When was the Battle of Arginusae?

406

What happened at the Battle of Arginusae?

Athenian naval victory, but they killed all the commanders

What was the ecclesia?

The assembly

What did the Council of the Areopagus do?

Judicial body responsible for cases such as homicide, wounding etc

What was a strategoi?

A general

Why did Corinth and Corcyra fall out over Epidamus?

Corinth sent aid to their democratic revolutionaries and Corcyra did not

What was the battle of sybota?

Athenian ships helped when Corcyra ones were in trouble, giving Corinth its first cause for war against Athens

When is the earthquake in Sparta?

464

Who sends help for the Spartan helot revolt and how does Sparta react?

Athens sends aid at their appeal, but are sent home because they’re embarrassed. According to Plutarch

What began the First Peloponnesian War?

Megara defecting from the Peloponnesian League