Commercial Boiler Lab

Wilkinson Steam Cycle Order

fire tube boiler, steam stop valve, gland sealing steam + air ejector + drain to feed tank, turbine, condenser, condensate pump, air ejector, feed tank, boiler

Wilkinson Boiler

3 pass Hurst fire tube boiler - external firing

1/3 Pass

where the fluid enters is the opposite end from which the flue gas exits

2/4 Pass

where the fluid enters is the same end from which the flue gas exits

Steam Trap

collects condensate that can form when steam loses BTUs from 90 degree turns

ISO New England

shows percentage of what power plants are using what energy sources and more

ASME

sets the minimum standard codes and states can either adhere to it or build off it in a stricter manner

HP Boiler

over 15 psi or 9 horsepower according to ASME section 1

Boiler Inspections

HP boilers annually (522 CMR sec 2.00) for both external and internal

Internal vs External Boiler Inspection

inspector gives a 14-day notice before and a 6-month delay can be requested vs they can check at anytime

- 522 CMR 2.00

Cavitation

formation and collapse of vapor bubbles when hot liquid is put into a centrifugal pump, leading to erosion of components

Boiler Horsepower (chapter 146, sec 48)

- nameplate

- steam output/34.5

- BTU output/33,475

- BTU Input/41840

Certificate of Inspection

required for a HP boiler and it includes the signature, date of inspection, name of owner/user, location of boiler, and the MAWP (Chapter 146 sec. 6)

ASME CSD-1

controls and safety devices for primary and secondary

Low Water Cutoff

protects the boiler in a low water condition

- two methods (float switch or probe)

Float Switch (low water)

consists of the gage glass and tricocks

Probe (low water)

detects the water level and connects to the master control via wires

Permissives

what the master control must see before allowing the boiler to start (purging, fans, low water)

Make-Up Water

city water used to make up losses - a feed tank float control turns on the feed pump to bring in make-up water when the feed tank level is low

Flame Scanner/Eye

scans for UV light to make sure the fire is burning

Pressuretrol

sets the swing of pressure (where it will cut off and where it will start)

Wilkinson MAWP

200 psi

Wilkinson Pressure Protection

pressuretrol has a manual reset - safety valves are the backup

Safety Valves

- more than one required if over 500 ft^2 of heating surface

- nozzle or huddling chamber (both have a blowdown period)

Bottom Blow-Down

remove sludge that is created from corrosion or the addition of chemicals meant to remove minerals - can be done during a fire under a light load

Calcium Magnesium

mineral in city drinking water that must be removed by a water softener and then chemicals

Blowdown/Flash Tank

connected to the blowdown in order to reduce water to 150 degrees and 5 psi

Blowdown Valves

2 required if over 100 psi

- 2 slow valves or a quick and slow (in that order going away from the boiler)

Chemicals

prevents the formation of scales by combatting calcium, oxygen, and PH

PH

keep between 9 and 11

- too alkaline cause caustic embrittlement (likeliness for boiler materials to fracture

- too acidic = corrosion

Boiler Vent

- prevents a boiler vacuum by being open during shutdown

- get rid of air and non-condensable gases during start up

- keep open until pressure gage is engaged and steam flows

- 15 psi goal: leave open until then during shutdown

MDR

specs of a boiler this used for repair, adheres to ASME/National Board/522 CMR, and is prescribed by the manufacturer

Wilkinson Fuel

natural gas that has a pressure of 7 in water column or 1/4 psi

Nox

nitrogen oxide

Sox

sulfur oxide

Nameplate

located at normal operating water level (NOWL)

HP to LP Boiler

a HP boiler can be operated as a LP boiler by changing the pressure swing on a pressuretrol