AP Chem Unit 4

Skinner 26-27 GHS

molecular equation is the same as

balanced equation

always soluble:

(group 1) and SNAK

physical change

alters shape/size/state of a substance, but not molecular makeup

chemical change

bonds break and atoms rearrange, new substance with different properties is made

precipitation reaction

two aqueous reactants mix and react to form an insoluble precipitate

acid/base reaction

hydrogen ion/proton is transferred from acid to base (often forms salt and water)

redox reaction

electrons are transferred between reactants, causing change in oxidation numbers

acids are proton __

donors

bases are proton__

acceptors

conjugate acid

formed when a base accepts a proton

conjugate base

formed when an acid donates a proton

strong acids:

have H and a CL, Br, I, SO4, ClO4, etc- I Brought Clean Clothes, SO NO

strong bases:

have OH and a specific group 1 or 2 ion

strong acids make __ bases

weak

strong bases make __ acids

weak

oxidation numbers

pure elements = 0, monatomic ions= charge, group 1 and 2= +1 and +2, F= -1, O= -2, H= +1 nonmetal, -1 metal

reducing agent

loses electrons (gets oxidized)

oxidizing agent

gains electrons (gets reduced)

mnemonic for redox

OIL RIG

4.6 terms to know (?):

analyte= solution w/ unknown concentration, titrant= solution w/ known concentration, equivalence point= momenr when titrant and analyte react perfectly, endpoint= change color to show completion of reaction