Final World History

Astrolabe

Used to keep track of celestial bodies

Treaty of Tordesillas

The pope divided the world into two sections for Portugal and Spain

line of demarcation

Split the world into areas where Spain and Portugal could conquer

Natives and Europeans

Some exchange goods, were hostile, got European diseases.

Columbus

Re-discovered the Americas and opened it for exploration and colonization

Juan Ponce de Leon

Expanded Spanish territory, discovered Florida

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Crossed Panama and saw the Pacific Ocean.

Ferdinand Magellan

Found a sea crossing to the Pacific, proved the Earth was round, and circumnavigated

Hernan Cortes

Conquered the Aztec Empire

Prince Henry

Funded voyages across Africa and helped lay the basis for the Age of Exploration

Bartolomeu Dias

Sailed western coast of Africa, found the Cape of Good Hope

Vasco da Gama

Discovered a direct sea route to India

Amerigo Vespucci

Claimed that the Americas were a new continent

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered the Inca Empire, imposed new systems of labor

Hernando De Soto

Went on an expedition deep into Southeast U.S.

Francisco Vazquez Coronado

Expanded knowledge of Southwestern North America

Pedro Alvares Cabral

First European to reach Brazil

Samuel de Champlain

Establised Quebec/New France

Afonso de Albuquerque

Claimed Goa and Malacca and vital sea routes

Alvise da Cadamosto

his reports added concrete geographic and navigation information

Giovanni da Verrazano (France)

Helped chart the North America Atlantic coastline, filled gaps in European knowledge

Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette (French)

Provided reports of the upper Mississippi and opened the interior to French trade

Robert de La Salle (French)

Named the entire Mississippi basin “Louisana” and claimed it for King Louis

John Cabot (English)

Established claims in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New England

Francis Drake (English)

Circumnavigated the globe, was an English Sea Dog and fought Spain

Martin Frobisher (English)

Explored North American Coastline

Henry Hudson

Founded New Amstersdam(New York), had a bay named after him

Cash Crop

Tobacco

Las Casas

Condemned the use of indigenous slaves, instead advocated African slaves

Triangular trade

Europe traded goods for slaves from Africa, Slaves are transported to the Americas, Goods made in America are shipped to Europe

Spanish Colony Social Structure

1st Pennisulares, 2nd Creoles, 3rd Mulatos and Meztizos, 4th Slaves

Columbian Exchange

The trade of goods from the Americas to Europe

Encomienda

A system of labor enforced on Native Americans

Middle Passage

The transport of Slaves over the Atlantic to the Americas

East India Company

A Dutch dominating company exported goods out of India

Commercial Revolution

Individual merchants began to acquire great wealth and reinvest it into business all across Europe

Mercantilism

An economic policy focused on acquiring great wealth and becoming self-sufficent

Capitalism

Private ownership and investment of resources for profit

Joint-Stock Company

Investor buying shares of stock in a company all for a common purpose

Favorable Balance of Trade

A country exports more goods than it imports

English Colonies

New England, Plymouth, Mass Bay

Spanish Colonies

Florida and New Spain

Portuguese Colonies

Brazil

Dutch Colonies

New Amsterdam, India

French Colonies

Quebec/New France