Social & Economic Change, 1790-1860

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to social and economic change in the U.S. from 1790 to 1860.

Population Growth

The increase in the U.S. population between 1800 and 1860 was more than 400%.

Irish Immigration

Massive waves of immigrants from Ireland and Germany were significant in the 1840s and 1850s.

Anti-Immigrant Backlash

A societal reaction against Irish and German immigrants, often fueled by discrimination and stereotypes.

Political Machines

Urban political organizations that sought to control city government and were often associated with the Democratic Party.

Demographics

Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it; U.S. demographics showed significant growth in the early 1800s.

Industrial Revolution

A period of industrial growth that began in Britain and spread to the United States, characterized by technological advancements.

Cotton Gin

An invention by Eli Whitney that revolutionized the cotton industry and revitalized slavery in the U.S.

Spinning Jenny

A multi-spindle spinning frame that significantly increased the amount of yarn produced by a single worker.

Know-Nothing Movement

A political movement in the mid-19th century that aimed to restrict immigration and was characterized by nativist sentiments.

Telegraph

A communication system developed by Samuel Morse that allowed messages to be sent over long distances using electric signals.