Industrialization, Empires, and Global Voyages Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering the impact of industrialization, differences between nations and empires, the decline of imperialism, and historical maritime voyages.

Industrialization (Work and Production)

The transition from small farms and shops to large factories where machines replaced human and animal labor and goods were mass-produced.

Urbanization

The rapid growth of cities as millions of people moved from rural areas to industrial centers for factory jobs.

Industrial Middle Class and Working Class

New social groups that emerged as material standards improved and products became more available during the Industrial Revolution.

Nations (Citizenship)

Political entities where people are considered citizens and power is transferred through the people and elections.

Empires (Subjects)

Political entities where people are considered subjects and power is transferred through nobility, monarchy, families, or force.

Nations (Borders)

Political boundaries that are defined but imaginary, rather than changed by force.

Empires (Borders)

Political boundaries that are fluid and established through the use of force.

Nationalism (Colonized Countries)

A cause for the fall of imperialism where colonized populations developed strong national identities and demanded self-government.

European Weakness (Post-World Wars)

A factor in decolonization where World War 1 and 2 depleted the military and economic strength of European countries, making colonies too expensive to maintain.

Self-determination

A principle supported by the United Nations that encouraged the spread of democracy and the end of European colonial rule.

Chinese Voyages (Purpose)

Expeditions intended to demonstrate the power and wealth of China, with trade controlled through the tribute system.

European Voyages (Purpose)

Smaller, continuous expeditions driven by the goals of profit, trade expansion, and the creation of colonies with global impact.

Tribute System

The system used by China to control trade during its large-scale maritime voyages.

Decolonization Pressures

Global shifts where the U.S. and the Soviet Union pressured European nations to grant independence to their colonies.