IB Bio Unit 1

Biochemistry

Metabolism

The ways in which carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids interact with each other in living organisms

Catabolism

Breaking down complex organisms into simpler ones

Anabolism

Creating complex molecules our of simpler ones

Hydrolysis Reaction

Reaction which utilizes water to break down complex molecules into simpler ones

Condensation Reaction

Reaction which reforms complex molecules with a product of water

How is urea produced by living and artificial mechanisms?

* The liver converts ammonia into urea
* Ammonia + carbon dioxide → ammonium carbamate → urea + water

Carbon

* Makes four electrons available for bonding
* Makes long, durable chains
* Insoluble in water
* Found in all life

Water

* Polar-Covalent bonds
* Hydrogen bonds
* High specific heat

Polar-Covalent Bonds

The result of unequal sharing of electrons from one pole of a molecule to the other

Hydrophilic

Describes a substance which steadily dissolves in water

Hydrophobic

Describes a substance which does not dissolve steadily in water

Cohesion

Molecules of the same type are attracted to each other

Adhesion

Molecule of one type are attracted to those of another type

Saturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with no double bonds

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Fatty acids with one or more double bonds between carbon

Monomer

The base compound of a biomolecule

Polymer

A compound of monomers chemically bonded together

Trans Fatty Acid

Unsaturated fatty acid with at least one double bond

Proteome

A set of proteins expressed as an organism