CLEP modern states practice questions Western Civilizatoin II (c1)

Which of the following largely resolved the battle for sovereignty between crown and Parliament in England?

(A) The Test Act of 1673

(B) The acceptance of the divine right of kings

(C) John Locke's Second Treatise of Civil Government

(D) The Glorious Revolution

(E) The English Civil War

(D) The Glorious Revolution

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 had the most direct impact on which of the following groups in France?

(A) Mercantilists

(B) Politiques

(C) Peasants

(D) Calvinists

(E) Physiocrats

(D) Calvinists

Which of the following European capital cities was founded after 1700 C.E. as a symbol of a newly powerful monarchy?

(A) Madrid

(B) Stockholm

(C) Saint Petersburg

(D) Vienna

(E) Warsaw

(C) Saint Petersburg

Colbert's economic policies ran into difficulties chiefly because of the:

(A) relative poverty of France

(B) loss of France's colonial empire

(C) wars of Louis XIV

(D) abandonment of the salt tax

(E) reckless spending by the nobility

(C) wars of Louis XIV

Which of the following occurred as a result of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years' War (1756-1763)?

(A) Prussia emerged as an important economic and military power.

(B) Sweden ceased to be a great power.

(C) Russia extended its territory to the shores of the Baltic Sea.

(D) Hapsburg claims to Polish territory were dropped.

(E) France acquired the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine.

(A) Prussia emerged as an important economic and military power.

Inoculation was first used to prevent which of the following major diseases?

(A) The bubonic plague

(B) Cholera

(C) Tuberculosis

(D) Yellow fever

(E) Smallpox

(E) Smallpox

Which of the following best describes the use of the inductive method, as described by Francis Bacon?

(A) Consult established scientific opinion and formulate a philosophical system based on it.

(B) Begin with a mathematical principle and draw inferences from it.

(C) Begin by making observations and then draw conclusions from them.

(D) Begin with self-evident truths and draw inferences from them.

(E) Advance learning by comparisons, analogies, and insights.

(C) Begin by making observations and then draw conclusions from them.

Which of the following works most directly challenged the theory of the divine right of kings?

(A) The Wealth of Nations

(B) Letters Concerning the English Nation

(C) Crime and Punishment

(D) The Social Contract

(E) The Prince

(D) The Social Contract

Most eighteenth-century deists denied the

(A) divine creation of the universe

(B) laws of gravity and motion

(C) occurrence of miracles

(D) need for religious toleration

(E) historical existence of Jesus

(C) occurrence of miracles

Which of the following political philosophers believed that liberty could be preserved through separation of powers and checks and balances?

(A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

(B) Adam Smith

(C) Montesquieu

(D) Thomas Hobbes

(E) Voltaire

(C) Montesquieu

Which eighteenth-century ruler abolished punitive laws regarding Jews, imposed limits on the Catholic Church, and granted effective toleration to all Christian sects?

(A) Louis XIV

(B) George III

(C) Catherine II

(D) Joseph II

(E) Charles III

(D) Joseph II

The National Assembly in France (1789-1791) did all of the following EXCEPT

(A) issue assignats

(B) ban strikes

(C) pass the Civil Constitution of the Clergy

(D) abolish guilds

(E) abolish private property

(E) abolish private property

The eighteenth-century political cartoon (two men looking afraid as a third breaks chains and begins to rise) reproduction shown above relates most closely to which of the following events of the French Revolution?

(A) The emergence of the power of the Third Estate

(B) The tensions between the nobility and clergy

(C) The mistreatment of political prisoners

(D) The death of Marat

(E) The Thermidorean Reaction

(A) The emergence of the power of the Third Estate

The storming of the Bastille by a Paris crowd on July 14, 1789, was

(A) undertaken to free the large number of inmates there

(B) initiated to arrest the commander of the prison, who was known as a monster of cruelty

(C) an attack on a symbol that had long represented despotism

(D) a desperate, planned move to begin revolution between French citizens and the government

(E) an action to force Louis XVI from Versailles to Paris

(C) an attack on a symbol that had long represented despotism

Most sansculottes demanded which of the following from the leaders of the French Revolution?

(A) Higher taxes for the wealthy, and rent and price restrictions

(B) Restoration of church lands

(C) Equal rights for women

(D) Prices based on supply and demand

(E) Property qualifications for voters

(A) Higher taxes for the wealthy, and rent and price restrictions

Which of the following accomplishments of Napoleon Bonaparte lasted the longest?

(A) The Concordat of 1801

(B) The Civil Code

(C) The Continental System

(D) The Confederation of the Rhine

(E) The Cisalpine Republic

(B) The Civil Code

The "revolution of textiles" in eighteenth-century England involved principally

(A) silk cloth

(B) linen cloth

(C) cotton cloth

(D) machine-made tapestries

(E) imported Indian calico cloth

(C) cotton cloth

"Separate spheres" refers to which of the following in nineteenth-century Europe?

(A) The post-1789 legal relationship between the Catholic Church and the civil authority

(B) The division of domestic and foreign policy making in modern constitutional states

(C) Different roles of men and women in Victorian society

(D) Parts of the human psyche as defined by Sigmund Freud

(E) Gregor Mendel's techniques for determining heredity

(C) Different roles of men and women in Victorian society

In the mid-nineteenth century, women were LEAST likely to be employed in which of the following occupations?

(A) Factory work

(B) Domestic service

(C) Shopkeeping

(D) Teaching

(E) Legal services

(E) Legal services

Which of the following statements about female industrial workers in eighteenth-century England is correct?

(A) They outnumbered male workers.

(B) Most left employment before they married.

(C) Most left the mills soon after employment to return to the countryside.

(D) They generally received lower pay than male workers.

(E) They were protected by law from hazardous occupations such as mining.

(D) They generally received lower pay than male workers.

"Mr. [William] Cobbett said a new discovery had been made in the House [of Commons] last night....Ithad formerly been said that the Navy was the great support of England; at another time that our maritime commerce was the great bulwark of the country; at another time that [it was] our colonies...but now it was admitted that our great stay and bulwark was to be found in three hundred thousand little girls...."

The 1833 parliamentary debate referred to in the quote was about

(A) elementary education

(B) child labor

(C) the Irish famine

(D) settlers for Britain's colonies

(E) juvenile delinquency

(B) child labor

One accomplishment of the British Reform Bill of 1832 was the

(A) increase in the parliamentary power of the House of Lords

(B) reduction in the constitutional powers of the Crown

(C) extension of parliamentary representation to the new industrial centers

(D) extension of the right to vote to all males over the age of 21

(E) increase in the representation of the colonies in Parliament

(C) extension of parliamentary representation to the new industrial centers

Prince Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian representative at the Congress of Vienna, is most closely associated with which of the following?

(A) Utopian socialism

(B) Nationalism

(C) Romanticism

(D) Liberalism

(E) Conservatism

(E) Conservatism

Which of the following individuals in nineteenth-century Great Britain was the most outspoken advocate for legal and political equality for women?

(A) Queen Victoria

(B) John Stuart Mill

(C) William Gladstone

(D) Florence Nightingale

(E) Jane Austen

(B) John Stuart Mill

Most nineteenth-century liberals would have agreed with which of the following statements?

(A) A parliamentary republic with universal suffrage is the best form of government.

(B) Traditional political and social institutions must be preserved at all cost.

(C) Free trade is more beneficial to a nation's prosperity than is economic protectionism.

(D) Governments should forcibly seize the means of production from capitalists and large landowners.

(E) Multiethnic empires must be broken up based on the principle of national self-determination.

(C) Free trade is more beneficial to a nation's prosperity than is economic protectionism.

Which of the following had NOT emerged as a distinct school of thought by 1848 ?

(A) Fascism

(B) Utopian socialism

(C) Laissez-faire capitalism

(D) Royal absolutism

(E) Nationalism

(A) Fascism

Which of the following is true of the French Revolution of 1830?

(A) It strengthened the power of the working class.

(B) It overthrew the Bourbon Monarch Charles X

(C) It produced a constitutional monarchy based on universal adult male suffrage.

(D) It was suppressed by Charles X with the aid of Austria and Russia.

(E) It strengthened the power of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

(B) It overthrew the Bourbon Monarch Charles X

In France, the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 and the Commune of 1871 primarily took what form?

(A) Peasant revolts directed at aristocratic landowners

(B) Army mutinies, soon joined by sympathetic civilians

(C) Parisian insurrections, with armed civilians barricading streets

(D) Uprisings organized by underground societies in multiple cities

(E) Coups d'état carried out by small groups of professional revolutionaries

(C) Parisian insurrections, with armed civilians barricading streets

The National Workshops were established in France in order to

(A) compete with cheap goods being produced in America

(B) mass produce military weapons

(C) produce quality wines for the European market

(D) reduce high urban, especially Parisian, unemployment

(E) promote Protestant social reforms

(D) reduce high urban, especially Parisian, unemployment

All of the following were instrumental in the emergence of Italy as a modern nation-state EXCEPT

(A) Mazzini

(B) Napoleon III

(C) Cavour

(D) Francis II

(E) Garibaldi

(D) Francis II

Which of the following represented the most serious challenge to the territorial integrity of Austria-Hungary in the period 1867-1914 ?

(A) The unification of Italy

(B) The unification of Germany

(C) Ethnic nationalism

(D) The Jewish question

(E) International socialism

(C) Ethnic nationalism

All of the following were related to the Eastern Question EXCEPT

(A) Pan-Slavism

(B) the Congress of Berlin of 1878

(C) the Crimean War

(D) the Kruger Telegram

(E) the Treaty of San Stefano

(D) the Kruger Telegram

All of the following were among the Great Reforms implemented in Russia during the reign of Alexander II (1855-1881) EXCEPT

(A) the establishment of a parliament

(B) the creation of regional councils known as zemstvos

(C) the emancipation of the serfs

(D) judicial reforms that granted all Russians access to civil courts

(E) military reforms that reduced the length of the term of service for conscripts

(A) the establishment of a parliament

Which of the following countries intervened militarily in Mexico in the 1860s in an attempt to establish colonial control?

(A) Germany

(B) Sweden

(C) Portugal

(D) Italy

(E) France

(E) France

The country that pioneered social insurance legislation in the late nineteenth century was

(A) Great Britain

(B) France

(C) Germany

(D) Austria

(E) Russia

(C) Germany

The cartoon above (a line of men about to hit the person in front of them) refers to the

(A) Napoleonic Wars

(B) Crimean War

(C) Boer War

(D) Russo-Japanese War

(E) First World War

(E) First World War

Social Darwinists viewed imperialism as

(A) the duty of Western nations to liberate oppressed peoples in Africa and Asia

(B) a collective endeavor by Western nations to eradicate disease

(C) an action justified by the Western nations' need for raw materials

(D) a method to allow less privileged nations to survive

(E) a natural consequence of human evolution

(E) a natural consequence of human evolution

Albert Einstein's theory of relativity proposed

(A) a new structure for the atom

(B) a new conception of space and time

(C) the fundamental concepts for developing the computer

(D) the origin of the universe from the explosion of a single mass

(E) the particulate nature of light

(B) a new conception of space and time

Pablo Picasso is credited with founding the twentieth-century art movement called

(A) fauvism

(B) expressionism

(C) cubism

(D) futurism

(E) baroque

(C) cubism

Historical explanations for nineteenth-century European imperialism include all of the following EXCEPT

(A) a need to discover new sources of raw materials

(B) a need to find new markets for manufactured goods

(C) a need to invest excess financial resources

(D) a desire to establish world government

(E) a desire to maintain the European balance of power

(D) a desire to establish world government

The vast increase in German military expenditures in the two decades preceding the First World War occurred primarily because Germany

(A) had extended its imperialistic activities to the Far East

(B) was planning to militarize the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine

(C) was extending military aid to Russia

(D) feared an attack from France

(E) was rapidly expanding its navy

(E) was rapidly expanding its navy

Both sides in the First World War used which of the following?

(A) Aircraft carriers

(B) Biological weapons

(C) Concentration camps

(D) Radar

(E) Chemical weapons

(E) Chemical weapons

Which of the following was an outcome of the First World War?

(A) The downfall of the German, Ottoman, Italian, and British Empires

(B) Territorial gains for Italy, Romania, Austria, and Hungary

(C) National independence for Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Finland

(D) A decrease in the number of parliamentary democracies in Europe

(E) Successful Communist revolutions in Russia and Germany

(C) National independence for Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Finland s

Which of the following was Lenin's main contribution to Marxist theory?

(A) The idea that a small vanguard party could spearhead a socialist revolution even in relatively under-industrialized countries

(B) The notion that peasants, rather than industrial workers, can be the primary driving force in a socialist revolution

(C) The claim that a successful socialist revolution had to be limited to Russian territory

(D) The belief that a successful socialist revolution must be followed by a transitional period of dictatorship of the proletariat

(E) The claim that socialist countries can peacefully coexist with capitalist countries in perpetuity

(A) The idea that a small vanguard party could spearhead a socialist revolution even in relatively under-industrialized countries

The 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia was organized and led by

(A) Marx and Engels

(B) Kerensky and Rasputin

(C) Stolypin and Witte

(D) Stalin and Khrushchev

(E) Trotsky and Lenin

(E) Trotsky and Lenin

The term "collective security" would most likely be discussed in which of the following studies?

(A) A book on the twentieth-century welfare state

(B) A monograph on Soviet agricultural policy during the 1920s

(C) A book on Bismarckian imperialism

(D) A treatise on Social Darwinism

(E) A work on European diplomacy during the 1920s

(E) A work on European diplomacy during the 1920s

The British economist John Maynard Keynes did which of the following?

(A) He urged governments to increase mass purchasing power in times of deflation.

(B) He defended the principles of the Versailles Treaty.

(C) He helped to establish the British Labour party.

(D) He prophesied the inevitable economic decline of capitalism.

(E) He defined the concept of marginal utility to replace the labor theory of value.

(A) He urged governments to increase mass purchasing power in times of deflation.

In 1936 it was widely assumed that France would come to the aid of the Republicans in Spain because France

(A) had been a consistent supporter of Franco

(B) opposed the Moscow-dominated government in Madrid

(C) wanted to seize Gibraltar

(D) was mandated by the League of Nations to defend Spain

(E) had a Popular Front government, as did Spain

(E) had a Popular Front government, as did Spain

The Great Depression that began in 1929 was made worse by government actions that instituted

(A) budget cuts and higher tariffs on foreign goods

(B) banking reform and old-age pensions

(C) military expansion and imperialism

(D) high taxes and low national debt

(E) national transportation and conservation projects

(A) budget cuts and higher tariffs on foreign goods

All of the following factors contributed to the rise of the National Socialist German Workers' party (Nazis) EXCEPT

(A) the weakness of the Weimar Republic

(B) the dissatisfaction with the Versailles Treaty

(C) the impact of the Great Depression

(D) the support of German conservatives

(E) the support of Socialist trade unions

(E) the support of Socialist trade unions

Which of the following joined Nazi Germany in its attack on the Soviet Union?

(A) Great Britain

(B) Finland

(C) Sweden

(D) Turkey

(E) Japan

(B) Finland

Churchill's famous phrase "Never...was so much owed by so many to so few" referred to

(A) those who evacuated the Allied army from Dunkirk

(B) those who convoyed food and materiel across the Atlantic in the early 1940s

(C) the scientists who developed radar and other early warning technologies

(D) the fighter pilots of the Royal Air Force who won the Battle of Britain

(E) the cryptographers who broke the German and Japanese military and diplomatic codes

(D) the fighter pilots of the Royal Air Force who won the Battle of Britain

Which of the following was an important cause of the Second World War?

(A) The failure of the Anschluss between Germany and Austria

(B) British and French indignation over Hitler's anti-Semitic policies in Germany

(C) The Soviet Union's military buildup against Japan

(D) Hitler's quest for German living space in eastern Europe

(E) Hitler's desire to divert the German public's attention away from the ongoing economic depression

(D) Hitler's quest for German living space in eastern Europe

Autarky, a stated political goal of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, refers to the

(A) establishment of dictatorial authority

(B) creation of a racially purified state

(C) establishment of economic self-sufficiency

(D) abolition of the democratic legislative process

(E) coordination of everyday life

(C) establishment of economic self-sufficiency

Which of the following is a central and essential component of the European welfare state?

(A) Nationalization of all major sectors of the economy

(B) Decentralization of the state

(C) State responsibility for assuring access to medical care for all citizens

(D) Elimination of large private fortunes through taxation

(E) Elimination of independent trade unions

(C) State responsibility for assuring access to medical care for all citizens

The Soviet foreign policy of "peaceful coexistence" was most closely associated with which of the following Soviet domestic policies?

(A) Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)

(B) Stalin's program of collectivization

(C) Khrushchev's policy of de-Stalinization

(D) Brezhnev's policy toward dissidents

(E) Andropov's program of increased industrial output

(C) Khrushchev's policy of de-Stalinization

All of the following were important issues that the Allies had to address at the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences EXCEPT

(A) reparations to the Soviet Union

(B) the sharing of nuclear weapons technology

(C) the postwar occupation regime in Germany

(D) war crimes trials for German and Japanese leaders

(E) Soviet influence in postwar Eastern Europe

(B) the sharing of nuclear weapons technology

The Ostpolitik of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt was designed to

(A) nationalize German banks

(B) win Soviet diplomatic recognition for West Germany

(C) deepen West Germany's commitment to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

(D) normalize West German relations with the communist states of Eastern Europe

(E) promote free trade in Europe

(D) normalize West German relations with the communist states of Eastern Europe

Which of the following countries remained most closely aligned, ideologically and economically, with the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1989?

(A) The People's Republic of China

(B) Bulgaria

(C) Czechoslovakia

(D) Hungary

(E) Poland

(B) Bulgaria

The "Velvet Revolution" refers to the collapse of communism in which of the following Eastern European countries?

(A) Poland

(B) Hungary

(C) Yugoslavia

(D) Czechoslovakia

(E) Romania

(D) Czechoslovakia

Rene Descartes' work is considered influential on science because of its

(A) attempt to synthesize Aristotelian thought with traditional Christian symbolism

(B) insistence on empiricism and direct sensory experience and observation

(C) rediscovery of the work of the ancient Greek and Egyptian astronomers and mathematicians

(D) rejection of the heliocentric view of the universe championed by Galileo

(E) mechanistic worldview emphasizing the separation of the physical realm from human perception

(E) mechanistic worldview emphasizing the separation of the physical realm from human perception

The Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century divided up Polish lands among

(A) Russia, Prussia and Austria

(B) Germany and the Soviet Union

(C) France, England and the Habsburg Empire

(D) all the victors of the Napoleonic Wars

(E) the members of the Quadruple Alliance

(A) Russia, Prussia and Austria

Louis XVI's response to the American Revolution was to

(A) oppose the revolution because of the threat to monarchy that it represented

(B) attempt to broker a peaceful settlement between Britain and the United States

(C) do all he could to remain neutral in the conflict

(D) support the American cause, first covertly and then with troops, in order to weaken Britain

(E) use the Revolution as a pretext for arresting those in France who opposed his rule

(D) support the American cause, first covertly and then with troops, in order to weaken Britain

Which of the following is considered one reason why the industrial revolution had its beginnings in England?

(A) A large number of children were available to do much of the needed industrial work.

(B) Britain preferred to be economically self-sufficient and limit imports and exports, so industrialization was necessary.

(C) An extensive colonial system gave Britain access to raw materials and markets for finished products.

(D) Military innovations benefited British merchants, who adapted new inventions for commercial use.

(E) Unlike in other European countries, British workers were quick to embrace the time- and labor-saving advances of industrialization.

(C) An extensive colonial system gave Britain access to raw materials and markets for finished products.

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." The quote above is most consistent with which of the following systems of thought?

(A) Social Darwinism

(B) Communism

(C) Classical liberalism

(D) Fascism

(E) Logical positivism

(B) Communism

Which of the following European nations was NOT involved in the "Scramble for Africa"?

(A) France

(B) Germany

(C) Belgium

(D) The Netherlands

(E) Spain

(D) The Netherlands

An armistice was signed by Russia and the Central Powers ending Russian involvement in World War I after which of the following occurred?

(A) The Bolsheviks seized power from Russia's provisional government in the October Revolution.

(B) The Central Powers cut Russia off from its allies, making continued military alliance impossible.

(C) Tsar Nicholas decided to focus more on domestic issues and land reform.

(D) Russian elections brought an antiwar party to power in the face of widespread opposition to the fighting.

(E) Germany and Russia signed a secret pact that guaranteed each country expanded territory.

(A) The Bolsheviks seized power from Russia's provisional government in the October Revolution.

Which of the following was a result of the 1938 Munich Agreement?

(A) Hitler concluded that the other European powers would not oppose German expansion.

(B) Germany was divided into sections dominated by the Soviet Union and the United States.

(C) Germany and Italy formed a military alliance with Japan.

(D) The United Nations was created to replace the failed League of Nations.

(E) Chamberlain's successful negotiations with Hitler led to Chamberlain's election as British prime minister.

(A) Hitler concluded that the other European powers would not oppose German expansion.

This minister under Louis XIV championed the policy of Mercantilism:

(A) Jean-Jacques Rousseau

(B) Maximillian Robespierre

(C) Louis Blanc

(D) Jean-Baptiste Colbert

(E) Charles DeGaulle

(D) Jean-Baptiste Colbert

All of the following are wars of Louis XIV except:

(A) War of Devolution

(B) War of Austrian Succession

(C) Dutch War

(D) War of the Grand Alliance/Nine Years' War

(E) War of Spanish Succession

(B) War of Austrian Succession

This state developed a strong army by offering their nobles certain privileges in return for military service:

(A) Prussia

(B) France

(C) Dutch Republic

(D) England

(E) Austria

(A) Prussia

The Dutch East India Company produced massive amount of coffee on this island:

(A) Bermuda

(B) Jamaica

(C) Fiji

(D) Java

(E) Hawaii

(D) Java

All of the following were figures of the Scientific Revolution who were concerned with questions about the cosmos except:

(A) Tycho Brahe

(B) Nicholas Copernicus

(C) Galileo Galilee

(D) Andreas Vesalius

(E) Johannes Kepler

(D) Andreas Vesalius

Thomas Hobbes:

(A) Was an ardent defender of the "Divine Right" of kings

(B) Wrote the Social Contract

(C) Argued man was a "noble savage"

(D) Defended a strong central government in Leviathan

(E) Wrote about religion but not politics

(D) Defended a strong central government in Leviathan

The Partitions of Poland involved the following powers:

(A) Prussia, Austria, and Russia

(B) Prussia, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire

(C) Russia, Bavaria, and Saxony

(D) Russia, Prussia, and Sweden

(E) Hungary, Austria, and Russia

(A) Prussia, Austria, and Russia

This country was a consistent opponent of France during the Revolution as it was a part of every enemy coalition:

(A) Belgium

(B) Sweden

(C) Russia

(D) Austria

(E) Great Britain

(E) Great Britain

This country gladly sent troops to aid Napoleon in his invasion of Russia in 1812 as they believed him to be their liberator:

(A) Austria

(B) Bavaria

(C) Hungary

(D) Poland

(E) Wallonia

(D) Poland

The Congress of Vienna:

(A) Settled the differences between Protestants and Catholics in Europe

(B) Readjusted the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano

(C) Attempted to create a framework for peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars

(D) Established agreements about imperialism that would kick off the "Scramble for Africa"

(E) Divided Poland among Prussia, Austria, and Russia

(C) Attempted to create a framework for peace in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars

This German thinker believed that language helped form a Volk or distinct people group.

(A) Herder

(B) Kant

(C) Hegel

(D) Nietzsche

(E) Clausewitz

(A) Herder

This was an agreement between the British and French to settle colonial issues and led to improved relations between the two nations.

(A) Entente Cordiale

(B) Reinsurance Treaty

(C) Congress of Berlin

(D) Three Emperors League

(E) Triple Alliance

(A) Entente Cordiale

All of the following are examples of medical advances in the latter half of the 19th Century except:

(A) Development of the Germ Theory of Disease

(B) Marie Curie discovers X-rays

(C) Louis Pasteur develops his pasteurization process

(D) Joseph Lister develops antiseptics

(E) Smallpox vaccine developed

(E) Smallpox vaccine developed

The biggest reason for a population boom in the late 19th century was:

(A) An increase in the birth rate

(B) The development of the miasma theory of disease

(C) A decline in mortality rates

(D) The development of electricity and its use in hospitals

(E) The incorporation of the potato into European diets

(C) A decline in mortality rates

The Second Industrial Revolution saw the development of an economical way to mass produce this building product:

(A) Iron

(B) Steel

(C) Aluminum

(D) Ceramics

(E) Copper

(B) Steel

All of the following are examples of Chemical companies created during the Second Industrial Revolution except:

(A) BASF

(B) DOW

(C) Bayer

(D) Pfizer

(E) Bausch and Lomb

(D) Pfizer

All of the following are example of how electricity changed Western Civilization except:

(A) Increased the speed of communication

(B) Electric lights enabled later shifts in factories

(C) Helped increase the spread of factories and industrial development

(D) Enabled the development of the modern chemical industry

(E) Led to government monopolies over electricity as states considered this technology too important to be left to the market

(E) Led to government monopolies over electricity as states considered this technology too important to be left to the market

These two battles are generally seen as "turning points" of the Second World War:

(A) Midway and Stalingrad

(B) Operation Citadel and the Siege of Tobruk

(C) Operation Avalanche and the Battle of Singapore

(D) Guadalcanal and Brody

(E) Smolensk and Corregidor

(A) Midway and Stalingrad

The Second Vatican Council upset religious liberals for all of the following reasons except:

(A) The council affirmed the prohibition against female priests

(B) The council affirmed the prohibition against birth control

(C) The council affirmed clerical celibacy

(D) The council's reforms seemed to be minor and did not go far enough

(E) The council affirmed the primacy of Latin in all Roman Catholic worship

(E) The council affirmed the primacy of Latin in all Roman Catholic worship

Existentialism is the branch of philosophy which:

(A) Urges individuals to find meaning amid the absurdity of life

(B) Argues man should simply pursue forms of pleasure

(C) Believes the entire point of life is to withstand suffering

(D) Is an extreme version of skepticism which suggests reality itself is false

(E) Suggests the only way in which one can know anything is through sensory perception

(A) Urges individuals to find meaning amid the absurdity of life

The Dutch Republic (United Provinces of the Netherlands) received its independence from which power:

(A) Spain

(B) Russia

(C) England

(D) Belgium

(E) Germany

(A) Spain

This English monarch dissolved Parliament and attempted to rule by decree:

(A) Henry VIII

(B) Henry IV

(C) Harold II

(D) Charles I

(E) Elizabeth I

(D) Charles I