School Counseling Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering school counseling theories, legal cases, developmental stages, data types, and the ASCA National Model based on lecture notes.

Content validity

Occurs when a test covers all relevant parts of the concept being measured.

Criterion validity

Occurs when a test predicts or correlates with another established measure.

Face validity

The appearance that a test measures what it should, though this is not considered highly scientific.

Reliability

The consistency of a measurement.

Internal consistency

The degree to which all test items measure the same concept.

Carl Rogers

The individual who developed person-centered therapy.

Core conditions of Person-Centered therapy

Empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Focus

The concept that thoughts influence behavior and emotions.

Cognitive restructuring

A key strategy used within Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)

A therapeutic approach that focuses on solutions rather than problems.

Miracle question

A key question utilized in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT).

Behavioral theory

A theory based on learning through reinforcement, often using strategies like reward systems or behavior charts.

Reality Therapy (Glasser)

A therapy focusing on personal responsibility and choices.

Existential Therapy

A therapy focusing on meaning, choice, and responsibility.

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

A legal case establishing that students have free speech rights unless it disrupts learning.

New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)

A case establishing that schools can search students with reasonable suspicion rather than probable cause.

Goss v. Lopez (1975)

A case establishing that students have due process rights before being suspended.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A landmark case establishing that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

FERPA

A federal law that protects student education records and privacy.

IDEA

Legislation providing Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) for students with disabilities.

Section 504

A law that protects students with disabilities from discrimination.

Piaget's Concrete Operational stage

The stage where elementary students use logical thinking but require concrete examples.

Preoperational stage

A cognitive development stage defined by egocentrism and symbolic thinking.

Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority

The psychosocial stage for elementary students centered on the question: “Can I succeed?”

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The psychosocial stage associated with adolescents in Erikson's theory.

Adlerian Theory (Individual Psychology)

Known for concepts of social interest, belonging, and inferiority feelings.

Encouragement

A key counseling strategy within Adlerian theory.

Holland's RIASEC model

A career theory representing six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional.

ASCA National Model Framework

Comprises four components: Define, Manage, Deliver, and Assess.

ASCA DEFINE component

Includes mission, vision, beliefs, and Mindsets & Behaviors.

ASCA MANAGE component

Includes calendars, use of time, advisory council, and data tools.

ASCA DELIVER component

Includes direct and indirect student services such as lessons, groups, and referrals.

ASCA ASSESS component

Includes program results, data analysis, evaluation, and improvement.

Annual Administrative Conference

A meeting covering student outcome goals, caseload/ratio, and professional roles; it does not include materials or supply requests.

Process data

Data documenting what was done, such as who participated and attendance.

Perception data

Data measuring what students think, know, or can do, often collected through pre/post tests.

Outcome data

Results data including grades, behavior, and attendance.

Construct validity

Occurs when a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Test-retest reliability

The consistency of a measurement over time.

Inter-rater reliability

The degree of agreement between different scorers.

Mindfulness

The most universally effective stress-reduction strategy.

Grounding

Sensory-based strategies best for helping younger students regulate emotions.

Universality (Yalom)

A group concept where members realize others share similar experiences.

Group cohesion

A sense of belonging within a group.

Forming stage

The first stage of group development where members are polite and unsure.

Storming stage

The stage of group development characterized by conflict, disagreement, and difficulty with goals.

Norming stage

The stage of group development characterized by cooperation and cohesion.

Performing stage

The group development stage focused on productivity and effectiveness.

Stakeholders

Teachers, families, administrators, and community members involved in supporting student success.

Collaboration

Working with stakeholders to support student success, such as involving family and community professionals in a crisis.

Advocacy

The act of promoting equity, access, and student success.