Ch.5

cardio

vascul/o

blood vessel

circulatory system

cardiovascular system

circulat/o

movement in a circular route

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; has 3 cusps (leaflets)

apex

inferior tip of the heart

apic/o

apex, tip

valv/o

valve

valvul/o

valve

Atria

the two upper chambers of the heart

atri/o

atrium

chordae tendineae

"heart strings" ; rope like strands attached to valve cusps (of tricuspid and mitral valves) that keep them closed when ventricles contract.

veins

Afferent (towards the heart)

arteries

efferent (away from the heart)

Afferent

toward the heart

efferent

away from the heart

subclavian artery

arteries that carry blood into the arms

renal artery

carries blood to the kidney

iliac artery

artery that carries blood to the hip and groin area from the abdominal artery

what syllable is accented?

third syllable from the end

Tributaries

smaller veins that flow into larger veins

endocardium

Inner lining of the heart chambers.

Epicardium

outermost membrane layer next to the surface of the heart

heart

A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

Heart Sounds

Sounds produced by closing heart valves; lubb dupp

blood volume

Total amount of blood in the circulatory system; 5L

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

Myocardium

Thick middle muscle layer of the heart

my/o

muscle

mitr/o

structure with two points

cusp/o

point; projection

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

pericardial sac

surrounds the heart and holds the fluid to allow the heart to beat in a frictionless environment

pericardial fluid

between the layers of pericardium prevents friction when the heart beats

Epicardium

membrane next to the heart

parietal pericardium

outer layer of the pericardium closer to the edge

pariet/o

wall of a cavity

pulmonary valve

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery; three cusps

Septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Valves

Flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only.

Ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart

cardiothoracic

pertaining to the heart and thoracic cavity

Great Vessels

major arteries and veins connected to the heart within the mediastinum

Mediastinum

Centrally located space between the lungs; contains the heart, great vessels, etc

thoracic cavity

body cavity housing the heart and lungs

artery

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

arteriorles

small branches of an artery

arteriol/o

arteriole

blood vessels

larges and small vascular channels through which the blood circulates

Capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

capill/o

capillary; hair-like structure

Endothelium

intima; smooth, innermost lining of blood vessels

pulse

bulging motion of the wall of an artery located near the surface as the heart contracts and pumps blood

vasculature

Network of blood vessels in a particular organ

Vasoconstriction

contraction of smooth muscle in arteriole walls; increases blood pressure

constrict/o

drawn together; narrowed

Vasodilation

the relaxation of smooth muscles in the arterioles; it causes blood pressure to fall

Vein

A blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Venules

small branches of a vein

Aorta

Largest artery in the body

ascending aorta

the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle

aortic arch

a curved blood vessel from which arteries branch to the head and neck.

thoracic aorta

part of the aorta the descends from the aortic arch through the thorax to the diaphragm

abdominal aorta

lower descending aorta, takes blood to lower trunk and legs

axillary artery

artery that carries oxygenated blood to the axilla (armpit) area

axiall/o

armpit

bifurcation

aorta ends and divides into two branches; left and right iliac arteries

brachial arteries

Blood vessels that take oxgyenated blood to the upper arm

carotid arteries

the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

coronary arteries

first branch off of the aorta; arteries that feed the heart tissue

femoral arteries

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the upper legs.

gastric arteries

Arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the stomach.

hepatic arteries

Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the liver.

iliac arteries

arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the hip and groin area

peroneal arteries

bring oxygenated blood to the little toe side of the lower leg (along fibula)

popliteal arteries

Arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the knee area.

pulmonary arteries

Arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

perone/o

fibula

carot/o

loss of consciousness

radial arteries

carry oxygenated blood to the thumb side of the lower arms (along radius)

renal arteries

Supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys

subclavian arteries

supply oxygenated blood to the shoulders

clav/o

clavicle (collar bone)

tibial arteries

supply oxygenated blood to sides of lower legs (along the tibia bones)

ulnar artery

artery that supplies oxygenated blood to finger side of forearms (along ulna bones)

fibular veins

veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the lateral sides (little toe sides) of the lower legs to the femoral veins

Jugular Veins

veins that carry deoxygenated blood from head and neck back to the superior vena cava

portal veins

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the intestines and liver to the inferior vena cava.

pulmonary veins

Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

jugul/o

throat

port/o

point of entry

saphenous veins

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the lower legs to the femoral veins.

superior vena cava

large vein that carried deoxygenated blood from the head, heart, chest, and arms to the right atrium

saphen/o

clearly visible

inferior vena cava

a large vein that carried blood from abdomen, pelvis and legs to right atrium

ductus arteriosus

a blood vessel in a fetus that connect the left pulmonary artery directly to the aorta

foramen ovale

oval opening in septum between left and right atrium in a fetal heart

pulmonary circulation

path of circulation between the heart and the lungs

systematic circulation

path of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body (except lungs)

atrioventricular (AV) node

in the lower wall of the right atrium; receives electrical impulses form the SA node