Forensic Science and Expert Testimony

Flashcards covering key concepts related to forensic science, expert testimony, and evidence analysis from a recent lecture.

PROSECUTION

The side in a legal case that presents evidence to prove the defendant's guilt.

Forensic Science

The application of scientific principles and techniques to matters of criminal justice.

BPA (Bloodstain Pattern Analysis)

The analysis of blood stains to determine the events surrounding a crime.

DNA Profiling

A process that compares genetic material to identify individuals.

STR (Short Tandem Repeat)

Short, repeating sequences of DNA used in profiling.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A technique used to amplify small segments of DNA.

Contamination-Controlled Conditions

Environment where measures are taken to prevent contamination of evidence.

Secondary Transfer

The transfer of biological material from a source to an object, and then to a second object.

Single Source Profile

A DNA profile obtained from a single individual.

Mixed DNA Profile

A DNA profile that includes genetic material from multiple individuals.

Impact Spatter

Blood droplets that are projected from a source due to a forceful impact.

Flow Staining

Blood that has flowed due to gravity after being deposited.

Contact/Transfer Staining

Marks left on an object when it comes into contact with a blood source.

Drip Stain

A blood stain resulting from blood dripping or falling onto a surface.

Cast-off Staining

Bloodstains created when a blood-bearing object is swung through the air.

Pooling Stain

Accumulation of blood in one area after the body has remained still.

Independent Peer Review

Evaluation of scientific work by others in the field to ensure credibility and accuracy.

Expert Testimony

A statement made in court by a qualified individual on a specific subject.

Amylase

An enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starches.

Morphology

The study of the form and structure of blood stains.

Validation

The process of confirming that a method or process is acceptable for use.