Female Reproductive System & Men Reproductive System Men

What are the primary sex organs of the female?

are the ovaries

Accessory Sex Organs

Include the uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris and mammary glands.

Ovaries

Fairly solid oval, Descend during the development, and has granular appearance due to ovarian follicles.

Ovaries Located

The ovaries are located next to the pelvic bones.

Ovaries Circle

Includes medulla, cortex and ovary.

What are primordial follicles?

Ovarian follicles that develop into eggs in the future

Ovary

The female fetus develops several million primordial follicles.

Birth

At birth 1.5 million primordial follicles are present.

Puberty

400,000 are present in the ovarian follicles.

What dose the hypothalamus puberty release

GNRH ( gonadotropin releasing hormone).

What dose the anterior pituitary stimulates

The release FSH ( follicle- stimulating hormone) and LH ( luteinizing hormone). that goes ovaries.

What dose these hormones begin monthly ?

The sequence events called ovarian cycle.

The Three phases of ovarian cycle?

Are the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

Follicular Phase

Days 1- 13

FSH and LH cause about____?

20 primordial follicles to develop into primary follicles.

What dose the primary follicles become ?

Secondary follicles develop into a mature follicle.

Ovulation

release of secondary oocyte form a mature follicle. Notice LH and FSH spike.

Luteal Phase is _____

Days 15-28

Ruptured mature follicle turns into ____?

a corpus luteum

Corpus luteum produces _______?

Progesterone and estrogen and stabilize. Build up the uterine lining and prepare possible implantation of fertilized oocyte.

Primordial Follicles there exist

Primordial Germ Cells and oogonia.

Fetal Period Process

The oogonia start the process of meiosis but they are stopped. So cells are called primary oocytes.

Beginning at puberty

Meiosis resumes in the primary oocyte.

Primary oocyte cells

is 46 chrom that divides into two cells 23 chrom.

Polar body

a non functional cell with minimal cytoplasm that regresses away.

Secondary oocyte

which again resumes meiosis but stops midways.

OOgenesis Secondary oocyte

is released from the ovary during the ovulation.

If fertilized meiosis continues and secondary oocyte sperm combo divides to become ______

Secondary Polar body and Zygote.

When dose oogenesis begin?

Before Birth, Childhood oogonium, into 46 mitosis primary oocyte.

What stage are primary oocytes arrested in ?

prophase 1 arrested of mitosisi

What dose the primary oocyte divide into ?

Secondary oocyte Haptoid or vulation from 1st polar body 23.

The number 23 Polar body

secondary oocyte sperm of diptoid of zygote 46.

Gometogenesis

egg oogenesis, sperm, spermatogenes, gametes

Gometogenesis ( Females )

The chromosomes are divided by meiosis 2 and 1.

Uterine tubes fallopian tubes

convey oocyte to uterus via peristaltic contractions smooth muscle and cilia ciliated columnar.

The use site of ______?

fertilization

Tubal ectopic pregnancy

embryo develops in uterine tube

infundibulum

has a fimbriae.

Uterus site for ______-

implantation

Uterus supports protects and ________

nourishes the developing embryo fetus

Uterus pushes the fetus at_____

birth, site for menstruation.

Uterus is

hollow and muscular.

Body uterus

consists of upper 2/3 and cervix lower 1/3.

Uterine First layer

Endometrium highly vascular, loose CT

Uterine Second layer

Myometrium smooth muscle, CT

Uterine Third layer

Perimetrium outer serous layer.

Vagina is a think walled_____

fibromuscular tube that formes the inferior most region of the female reproductive tract and measures about 10 centimeters in length in adult female.

Vagina uterus

Connects with outside of body anteroventrally and thus functions as birth canal.

Vagina is also the the copulatory organ of female that recieves________?

Penis during the intercourse and serves as passageway for menstruation.

Vagina walls

Contain large stores of glycogen which create organic acids lower PH.

Vaginal orifice

partially enclosed by hymen a thin layer of mucous memebrane.

Mons Pubis

" Mountain of adipose tissue"

Labia majora

Two think folds of skin and CT that enclose and protect the vaginal and urethral openings.

Labia minora

Two thinner folds of skin and CT protect vestibule.

Clitoris

Small rounded projection erectile tissue corresponds to male penis.

Vestibule

Area urethral and vaginal opening. Contains vestibular Bartholin's glands.

Vulva

previous five parts compose vulva.

Mammary Glands

Composed 15-20 lobes, separated lobules into alveolar glands milk secreting glands.

suspensory ligaments

support breast tissue.

What is the term for making both egg and sperm?

Metogenesis

How are the chromoses divded made of genesis is_______

Chromosomes dived by meiosis I and II.

Purpose of Male reproductive system

Organs Adapted by produce male gamaetes sperm, transfer sperm to female.

Testest Male are ____

oval 2.5 x 4cm contained in scrotum.

Primary Sperm and Gonad

Originate near kidneys and must descend.

Spermatogenesis

Formation of Sperm Cells.

Spermatogenesis occur__

from puberty to throughout life.

Structure of Tests

Produce seminiferous tubules germinal epithelium sperm.

Sperm

travels to epididymis

Interstital cells

Cells of Leydig produce sex hormones.

Spermatogonia

new spermatogonia

Primary spermatocyte

meosis chrome reduced by 1/2

Secondary spermatocytes

Two meiosis DNA reduced by 1/2

Spermatids

Four

Sperm cells

four.

Head

Contains 23 chromosomes, Contains lysozyme in acrosome

Midpiece body

Many mitochondria

Tail

Flagellum propels the sperm

Spermatic cord

consists of the ductus deferens , blood vessels and nerve.

Epididymis

stores maturing sperm

Ductus deferens vas deferens

carries sperm around bladder, joins duct from seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct.

Seminal vesicles

elongated, pouchlike hollow organs on back bladder.

Prostate gland

Gland beneath bladder ( urethra travels through)

bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands)

pea shaped in urogenital diaphragm.

The three glands secrete seminal fluid to enable sperm to _____

survive the acidic environment of the vaginal canal

Sperm are nourished and protected by ___________

seminal fluid fructose, alkaline, anticoagulant)

Semen

Sperm cells and fluids together

male internal reproductive organs

3-5ml ejaculation times 100 million sperm/ ml = 500 million chances.

Scrotum

Pouch behind penis containing the testes

Penis

Conveys urine and seminal fluid, contains three columns of erectile tissue.

First step (Diploid 46)

Spermatogonia enlarge and became mitosis ----> New spermatogonia

Second Step

Primary spermatocyte (one) 46

Third step

Meiosis I chromosomes reduced

fourth step

Secondary spermatocytes ( two 23 chromosomes haploid

fifth step

Meiosis II Dna doubled

sixth step

Spermatids four

seven step

Sperm Cells

Process of the circle

Central ateries, Corpus cavernosum, 2 corpora caveranosa, corpus spargiosum, urethra spongy.