World History - The Great Depression and WW2

Black Tuesday

1929, over 16 million stocks sold in one day, over 5000 banks collapsed in the next 3 years and peoples savings were wiped out

Hawley Smoot Tarrif

led to retaliatory tarrifs and worsened the depression

Hoovervilles

shantytowns sprang up as people lost everything and blamed the president

Election of 1932

important shift in blacks voting republican to democrat

Glass-Steagall Act

created FDIC and ends epidemic of bank failures

New Deal

FDR creates new jobs to fix the economy

Social Security Act

old age pensions and disability insurance

Francisco Franco

new fascist dictator in spain

Rhineland

March 1936, Hitler sent troops there, demilitarized zone

Rome-Berlin Axis

alliance between Hitler and Mussolini, signed in October 1936

Austria

Hitler invaded and united it with Germany

Sudetenland

Hitler demanded that Germans from here join Germany in September 1938

Neville Chamberlain

Prime minister of England, goes with policy of appeasement

Policy of Appeasement

granting concessions to maintain peace

September 29, 1938

Chamberlain, Hitler, Mussolini (Italy), and Daladier (France) meet, Hitler says if he can have the Sudetenland then he won’t touch the rest of Czechoslovakia or take any other European territories

Czechoslovakia

Hitler sent troops there in March 1939

Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

Signed by Hitler and Stalin in August 1939, divides Poland

September 1, 1939

Hitler invades Poland and World War 2 begins

Blitzkrieg

means lightning war, military strategy aimed at taking the enemy by surprise

Luftwaffe

German air force, dropped bombs

Denmark and Norway

Hitler invaded and conquered in April 1940

Battle of Britain

for 1 year, Germany crushes England, but Churchill won’t surrender, air force only

Neutrality Acts

1937, banned arms, shipments, loans, and credit to countries in the war

Cash and Carry Policy

Great Britain could trade cash for supplies from the US, switched to Lend Lease program later

June 22, 1941

Hitler broke the Nonaggression Pact and invaded the USSR

December 1941

Soviets are finally able to launch a successful counterattack to save Moscow and force the Nazis to leave the city

Holocaust

1941-1944, more than 6 million Jews were mass murdered

Largest Ghetto

in Warsaw, Poland

The Final Solution

Nazi code term for the extermination of all Jews

Battle of Stalingrad

Hitler refused to let his troops retreat even though Soviets and winter were closing in

North Africa

Allied forces led by Eisenhower struggled in

Battle of Alamein

British able to stop the Germans advances into Egypt, May 1942

King Victory Emmanuel III

fired Mussolini in July 1943

June 4, 1944

Allied forces entered Rome, and Germany surrendered

June 6, 1944

D-Day, landed on the beaches of Normandy

Battle of the Bulge

Germans cut through the center of American forces, creating a “bulge” in the allied line of troops

April 30, 1945

Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, committed suicide in the study of his “Fuhrerbunker” in Berlin

Yalta Conference

February 1945, Germany as well as Berlin gets divided into 4 zones

Marshall Plan

Designed to rebuild shattered European economies

Japanese Invasion of French Indochina

caused the US to demand that they withdrawal from there AND China

US Embargo on Japan

happened when they refused to back out of French Indochina and China, banned the sale of scrap iron and oil

December 7, 1941

Pearl harbor, Japanese retaliation from embargo

Internment Camps

all Japanese-Americans on the west coast were sent to these

Hideki Tojo

authoritarian prime minister of Japan during WW2

Douglas MacArthur

US general of the army in the Pacific theater

Chester W. Nimitz

Us fleet admiral of the navy in the Pacific theater

Bataan

US faced starvation and continuous attacks here

Bataan Death March

at least 10,000 died while walking, about 15,000 more died at the POW camps

June 1942

battle of Midway, decisive American victory, turning point in the war

Island-Hopping

new US strategy after Midway in the Pacific

Kamikaze Pilots

Japanese suicide bombers

Battles of Okinawa and Iwo Jima

two bloodiest battles of the Pacific theater, US wins, early 1945

Tojo’s Ultimatum

from Truman, surrender or get atomically bombed, put in place to avoid deaths that would be caused by continued warfare in the pacific

August 6, 1945

Hiroshima is bombed by the US

August 9, 1945

2nd atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

2 billion dollars

sent from US to Japan for restoration