Foot injuries

What structures support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Flex hallucis longus tendon and spring ligament

What special test tests for Tarsal Tunnel syndrome?

Tinel’s sign

What does an x-ray do?

Shows bone displacement or misalignment

What is the etiology of a fractured talus?

Inversion or dorsiflexion injury usually at talar dome

What are the signs and symptoms of a fractured talus?

Pain with weight bearing and talar dome tenderness

What is the etiology of Sever’s Disease?

Traction at Achilles insertion on calcaneus

What are the signs and symptoms of Sever’s Disease?

Posterior heel pain during activity in athletes

What is the etiology of Pump Bump?

Chronic irritation from shoe rubbing on heel

What are the signs and symptoms of Pump Bump?

Pain and swelling near Achilles insertion

What is the etiology of Lisfranc Injury?

Forceful plantarflexion causing metatarsal displacement

What are the signs and symptoms of Lisfranc Injury?

Pain inability to bear weight and dorsal foot swelling

What is pes planus?

Flat foot with excessive pronation

What is pes cavus?

High arch with excessive supination

What is Plantar Fasciitis?

Pain in proximal arch or heel

What is the etiology of plantar fasciitis?

Excess stress on plantar fascia during push off

What are the symptoms of Plantar fasciitis?

Morning heel pain that improves with movement

What is the etiology of Jones Fracture?

Inversion and plantarflexion fracture of 5th metatarsal

What are the signs and symptoms of Jones Fracture?

Pain and swelling over 5th metatarsal

What is the etiology of a bunion (Hallux Valgus Deformity)?

Tight shoes causing lateral deviation of big toe

What does Bunionette (Tailors bunion) impact?

5th metatarsophalangeal joint

What are the signs and symptoms of a bunion?

Painful enlarged joint with toe deviation

What is the etiology of Morton’s Neuroma?

Nerve compression between 3rd and 4th metatarsals

What are the signs and symptoms of Morton’s Neuroma?

Burning forefoot pain relieved by rest

What is the etiology of Turf toe?

Hyperextension of 1st metatarsophalangeal joint

What are the signs and symptoms of Turf Toe?

Pain during push off

Foot rehabilitation

Strengthening flexibility and weight bearing functional exercises

Closed chain exercise

Extremity fixed against surface while body moves

Open chain exercise

Distal segment moves freely isolating joint or muscle

AROM

Active movement of joint through range

PROM

Passive movement without muscle contraction

Exostosis

Benign bone growth due to trauma or friction

Nonunion

Failure of bone to heal

Orthotic

External device to support or correct deformities

Plantar fascia

Fibrous band connecting heel to toes

Bursa

Fluid filled sac reducing friction

Osteochondritis Dissecans

Bone segment separates due to lack of blood supply

Metatarsalgia

Pain and inflammation in ball of foot

Valgus

Outward angulation away from midline

Varus

Inward angulation toward midline

Pathomechanics

Mechanical forces that negatively affect body structure and function