GCSE Biology Foundation Tier Paper 1F Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering plant tissues, cell transport, diseases, and digestive enzymes from the GCSE Biology Paper 1F transcript.

Organ

A group of tissues working together.

Palisade mesophyll

Leaf tissue that contains the most chloroplasts.

Spongy mesophyll

Leaf tissue that contains many air spaces.

Transpiration

The term describing the loss of water from the leaves.

Lignin

The substance that strengthens xylem tissue.

Stomata

The pores in the lower epidermis of a leaf.

Guard cells

Cells that control the opening and closing of the pores (stomata) in the lower epidermis.

Active transport

The process that moves sugars against the concentration gradient using energy.

Mitochondria

Cell structures needed to provide energy for moving sugars against a concentration gradient.

Platelets

The blood component that helps clot the blood where a vaccine is injected.

White blood cells

The blood component that produces antibodies to a virus, such as measles.

Peer review

The process scientists use to check scientific research to help detect false claims.

Amylase

The enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.

Cancer

A condition that occurs when there is uncontrolled cell division.

Mitosis

The type of cell division that occurs in cancerous cells.

DNA Replication

The process that must occur in the nucleus before a cell divides.

Magnification Equation

$$\text{real width of cell} = \frac{\text{width of image of cell}}{\text{magnification}}$$

Osmosis

The process responsible for the decrease in mass when potato cells lose water in salt solutions.

Partially permeable

The property of the structure (cell membrane) surrounding each cell in a potato piece.

Arteries

The blood vessels affected by coronary heart disease.

Statins

A type of drug used to decrease the level of cholesterol in a person's blood.

Stent

A device fitted by doctors to treat coronary heart disease by helping a blood vessel stay open.

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

An inherited disorder caused by a faulty gene that affects organs like the lungs, pancreas, and small intestine.

Alveoli

Features in the lungs where gas exchange happens.