DP Unit 3- developmental psychology

DP

Continuity and Stages

Does development go through continuous process or does it go through stages?

Stability and Change

Do we become different as we age, or do our personality traits persist?

Zygote

1st stage, formed when sperm meets egg

Embryo

2nd stage, when cells start dividing and multiply

Fetus

3rd stage of an unborn baby

Teratogens

Causes malformation to an embryo, ex: alcohol, drugs, chemicals

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

When a mother consumes alcohol when pregnant

Germinal Stage

First stage of prenatal development (zygote)

Embryonic Stage

Second stage of prenatal development (2 weeks- two months)

Fetal Stage

3rd stage of prenatal development (2 months-birth)

Attachment

close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers

Seperation anxiety

Distress when infants are separated from certain people, begins around 8 months

Harry Harlow

Did research w/ infant monkeys choosing between a cloth or mother wire. Monkeys preferred cloth mother

Jean Piaget

Proposed a theory of four stages of cognitive development

Cognition

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and remembering.

Schemas

Concepts/mental frameworks that people use to organize and interpret information. Also known as a person’s “picture of the world”

Assimilation

Interpreting new experience with another previous experience

Accommodation

Adapting current schemas to incorporate new information. AKA changing the schema to accommodate new info

Sensorimotor stage

Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development (birth-2y/o). Child gathers information about world through sensory impressions and motor activities

Object permanence

Awareness that things continue to exist when you can’t see or hear them. Learned in sensorimotor stage

Preoperational Stage

Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development (2-6y/o). Children learn to use language but can’t think logically.

Egocentrism

Inability for the child to take another person’s point of view.

Concrete Operational Stage

Child gain mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events (overcome egocentrism)

Conservation

An understanding that certain properties remain constant despite changes in their form. Ex: tall skinny cup vs short thick cup

Formal operational stage

(12+ y/o), children begin to think logically about things they may not have experienced (ex: what if problems)

Responsiveness

Responsive parents are aware of what their children are doing

Securely attached

Children explore environment when caregiver is present

Insecurely attached

Children will cling to caregiver and cry when they leave

Erik Erikson

Created 8 stage theory of social development

Identity

one’s sense of self, developed in adolescence

Intimacy

Ability to form close, loving open relationships. Erikson says this is for early adulthood

Five stages of death

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Kohlberg

Believes moral development is the process of growing more ethically mature. Not concerned about right or wrong, but the moral reasoning behind the decision

Preconvential level

1. Punishment orientation: right and wrong determined by what’s punished
2. Naive Reward orientation: right and wrong determined by what is rewarded
3. Good boy orientation: Right and wrong is determined by other’s approval/disapproval
4. authority orientation: Right and wrong is determined by society’s rules, should be obeyed rigidly
5. Social contract orientation: Right and wrong determined by society's rules, which aren’t absolute


1. Individual principals and conscience orientation: Right and wrong is determined by abstract ethical principles that emphasize equity and justice