Mexican Independence, Texas Revolution, and Economic Growth

Flashcards covering the history of Texas from the Mexican War of Independence through the 20th-century oil boom, focusing on key figures, battles, and economic shifts.

Casta system

A social hierarchy in Mexico that created a dispute between Peninsulares and Crillos, serving as a reason for the Mexican War of Independence.

Miguel Hidaglo

The first leader of the Mexican War of Independence who gave the famous speech known as the "Cry of Dolores".

Gutierrez-McGee Expedition

An expedition led by Bernardo Gutierrez and Augustus McGee during the Mexican War of Independence that was wiped out at the Battle of Medina.

Plan of Iguala

An agreement between rebel leader Vicente Guerrero and military leader Agustin Iturbide that united leadership and formed the Army of the Three Guarantees.

Treaty of Cordoba

The treaty that officially ended the Mexican War of Independence.

Mission

A church settlement used by Spain as a method to control Texas and convert the Native American population to Catholicism.

Presidio

A military settlement or fort used by the Spanish to control the area surrounding it.

Empresario

A person who received a land grant from the Mexican government for the purpose of bringing Anglo settlers to Texas.

Stephen F. Austin

The first empresario to bring Anglo settlers to Texas.

The Old 300

The name given to the first group of Anglo settlers in Texas.

Mier Y Teran Report

A report stating that Mexico's control on Tejas was weak and warning that Anglo settlement needed to stop to prevent annexation by the US.

Battle of Gonzales

Considered the first battle of the Texas Revolution, sparked by Mexico's attempt to take a cannon from the town.

Sam Houston

The leader of the Texas military during the Revolution and the first and third President of the Republic of Texas.

Battle of San Jacinto

The last battle of the Texas Revolution where the Texans were victorious.

Treaty of Velasco

The treaty that ended the Texas Revolution.

Mirabeau B. Lamar

The second President of the Republic of Texas who prioritized remaining independent and fighting Mexico and Native Americans.

Anson Jones

The President of the Republic of Texas at the time Texas was annexed by the US.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

The treaty that ended the Mexican War, resulting in Mexico losing half of its territory.

Battle of Palmito Ranch

A Confederate victory that served as the last battle of the Civil War.

Juneteenth

The date when the Emancipation Proclamation was announced in Texas.

13th Amendment

The Reconstruction amendment that ended slavery, except as punishment for a crime.

14th Amendment

The Reconstruction amendment that established birthright citizenship.

15th Amendment

The Reconstruction amendment that granted universal male voting rights.

Quanah Parker

The leader of the Comanches who was defeated in the Red River War.

Buffalo Soldiers

The name given to Black soldiers by Native Americans who were frequently stationed in Texas.

Spindletop

The oil well that marked the beginning of the oil boom in Texas.

Wildcatters

Independent oil prospectors who searched for oil wells.

Boom and bust cycle

An economic pattern of high demand followed by decline, affecting Texas industries such as cotton, cattle, and oil.