Cna practice test

acute

new, usually of rapid onset and of concern, opposite of chronic

AIDS

a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles

airborne precautions

methods of infection control used for patients with pathogens spread through the air

alternating pressure mattress

mattress used to prevent bed sores and skin ulcers

Alzheimer's disease

a progressive disease that destroys memory and mental functions

ambulation

the act of walking

amputee

a person who has had a limb removed

anatomy

the study of body structure

angina

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

anorexia

lack or loss of appetite

anterior

the front of the body

antibacterial

works against bacteria

antibiotic

medicine that kills bacteria and treats infections

anti

embolic stockings

anxiety

a feeling of worry or unease

apical pulse

pulse taken at the apex of the heart

aspiration

breathing in food, liquid, or objects into the lungs

assistive device

equipment used to help patients move (walker, cane)

atrophy

wasting away or decrease in muscle size

autonomy

the right to make your own decisions

axillary

relating to the armpit

bacteria

microorganisms that can cause infection

bedpan

container used for elimination when patient cannot get up

bid (bis in die)

twice a day

biohazard

biological substance that is dangerous to health

body mechanics

proper use of the body to prevent injury

bradycardia

slow heart rate

catheter

tube inserted into the body to drain fluids

chronic

long

circulation

movement of blood through the body

clean catch urine

urine sample collected midstream to avoid contamination

cognitive

relating to thinking and understanding

colostomy

surgical opening from colon to outside of body

communication

exchanging information

contracture

permanent tightening of muscles or joints

cyanosis

bluish color of skin due to lack of oxygen

defecation

process of eliminating feces

dehydration

lack of enough fluids in the body

dementia

decline in mental ability affecting memory and thinking

diabetes

disease affecting blood sugar levels

diastolic

bottom number of blood pressure (heart at rest)

dietitian

person who specializes in nutrition

disinfection

process of cleaning to destroy pathogens

dorsal

back side of the body

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

edema

swelling caused by fluid buildup

elimination

removal of waste from the body

emesis

vomiting

endocrine system

system that produces hormones

enema

fluid inserted into rectum to relieve constipation

ethics

moral principles guiding behavior

feces

solid waste

fever

elevated body temperature

fracture

broken bone

gait belt

belt used to help transfer or walk patients

gerontology

study of aging

glucose

sugar in the blood

gown

protective clothing

hand hygiene

proper handwashing to prevent infection

hemorrhage

excessive bleeding

HIPAA

law protecting patient privacy

hospice

care for terminally ill patients

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

infection

invasion of pathogens in the body

inflammation

redness, swelling, pain, heat

intake

amount of fluid taken in

isolation

separating patient to prevent spread of infection

IV (intravenous)

fluids given through a vein

joint

where two bones meet

lesion

damaged tissue

malnutrition

poor nutrition

metabolism

process of converting food into energy

mobility

ability to move

mucous membranes

moist linings of body openings

nasal cannula

device that delivers oxygen through the nose

nausea

feeling sick to stomach

nonverbal communication

communication without words

nutrition

intake of food for health

obesity

excessive body fat

occupational therapy

therapy to help with daily activities

oral care

cleaning the mouth

output

fluids leaving the body

oxygenation

process of getting oxygen to tissues

palliative care

care focused on comfort, not cure

pathogen

disease

perineal care

cleaning genital area

physical therapy

therapy to improve movement

positioning

placing patient correctly

posterior

back side of body

pressure ulcer

injury to skin from pressure (bed sore)

privacy

patient’s right to personal space

pulse

heartbeat felt through arteries

range of motion

movement of joints

respiration

breathing

restorative care

care to maintain function

restraint

device used to limit movement

sanitation

maintaining cleanliness

seizure

sudden uncontrolled electrical activity in brain

shock

life