week 3 - the nervous system

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Last updated 12:49 AM on 4/17/26
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29 Terms

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Sensory receptor
Structure that detects stimuli and converts them to electrical signals
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Sensory input
Information sent from receptors to the CNS
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Integration
Processing and interpretation of sensory input by the CNS
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Motor output
Signals sent from the CNS to muscles or glands
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Sensory neuron
Neuron carrying information from receptors to the CNS
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Interneuron
Neuron within the CNS that processes and relays information
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Motor neuron
Neuron carrying signals from the CNS to effectors
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Somatic nervous system
Voluntary control of skeletal muscles
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Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary control of smooth muscle cardiac muscle and glands
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Neuron
Nerve cell that transmits electrical signals
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Lower motor neuron
Neuron that directly innervates skeletal muscle
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Preganglionic/Postganglionic neuron
Two neuron chain of the ANS CNS to ganglion then ganglion to effector
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Ganglion
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
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Nucleus
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
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Tract
Bundle of axons in the CNS
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Nerve
Bundle of axons in the PNS
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Chemically gated channels
Ion channels that open in response to neurotransmitters
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Mechanically gated channels
Ion channels that open in response to pressure or stretch
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Voltage gated channels
Ion channels that open in response to membrane potential changes
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Action potential
Rapid all or nothing electrical signal along an axon
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Graded potential
Local variable strength change in membrane potential
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Depolarisation
Membrane becomes less negative due to sodium entry
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Repolarisation
Return to resting membrane potential due to potassium exit
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Hyperpolarisation
Membrane becomes more negative than resting
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Continuous conduction
Slow conduction along unmyelinated axons
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Saltatory conduction
Fast conduction jumping between nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons
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Chemical synapse
Communication between neurons via neurotransmitter release
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Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released at synapses
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Excitatory postsynaptic potential
Depolarisation increasing likelihood of an action potential