14.2 cell transport review

Passive Transport

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy (ATP).

Diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Facilitated Diffusion

Diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins without using energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Active Transport

Movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy (ATP).

Endocytosis

A process where the cell membrane engulfs external material to bring it inside the cell.

Exocytosis

The process by which a cell releases material by fusing a vesicle with the cell membrane.

Equilibrium

A state where the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space.

Phospholipid Bilayer

The double-layered sheet that makes up the core structure of the cell membrane.

Channel Protein

A protein in the membrane that helps molecules pass through during facilitated diffusion.

Isotonic Solution

A solution where solute concentration is equal inside and outside; the cell shape stays the same.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with lower solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to swell.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with higher solute concentration than the cell; causes the cell to shrink.