Agrarian Reform

A

Hectarage

The amount of land that private individuals and corporations are allowed to acquire, which is 16 hectares for private individuals and 1,024 hectares for corporations.

Land Registration Act of 1902

A law that provided for the comprehensive registration of land titles under the Torrens system.

Public Land Act of 1903

An act that introduced the homestead system in the Philippines.

Tenancy Act of 1933

Legislation that regulated relationships between landowners and tenants of rice and sugar cane lands, specifically implementing a 50-50 sharing system.

Torrens system

A system of land registration introduced by the Americans, which aimed to solve land ownership issues but had limitations due to survey costs and fees.

Social Justice program

A program initiated by President Manuel L. Quezon to address social unrest in Central Luzon during the Commonwealth Period.

1935 Constitution

The constitution that emphasized the promotion of social justice and economic security for all people.

Commonwealth Act No

An amendment to the Rice Tenancy Act that provided controls in landlord-tenant relationships.

National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)

Established in 1936 to set the price of rice and corn and help poor tenants and consumers.

Commonwealth Act No

A law that specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and required approval from the Tenancy Division for such dismissals.

Rural Program Administration

Created in 1939 to facilitate the purchase and lease of haciendas and their sale and lease to tenants.

Commonwealth Act No

Created the National Settlement Administration, which aimed to settle dissidents and landless farmers by providing home lots and farmlands.

Hukbalahap

An anti-Japanese group during the Japanese occupation in the Philippines, which controlled areas of Central Luzon and redistributed land from landlords to peasants.

Republic Act No

Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulated share-tenancy contracts during the Philippine Republic.

Republic Act No

Provided safeguards against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.

Executive Order No

Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with the Land Settlement Development Corporation.

Republic Act No

Abolished the Land Settlement Development Corporation and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration.

Republic Act No

Governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers, creating the Court of Agrarian Relations and providing security of tenure for tenants.

Republic Act No

Created the Land Tenure Administration responsible for acquiring and distributing large tenanted rice and corn lands.

Republic Act No

Created the Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration, providing low-interest loans to small farmers and share tenants.

Proclamation No

Proclamation of Martial Law by President Ferdinand E. Marcos, which declared the entire country a land reform area and implemented the Agrarian Reform Program.

Republic Act No

Created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account Fund, strengthening the position of farmers and expanding the scope of agrarian reform.

Presidential Decree No

Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares.

Republic Act No

Also known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), it promoted social justice and industrialization through a comprehensive agrarian reform program.

Executive Order No

Declared full ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27 and determined the value of remaining unvalued rice and corn lands.

Executive Order No

Provided the mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).

Proclamation No

Instituted CARP as a major program of the government and established the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF).

Executive Order No

Streamlined and expanded the power and operations of the Department of Agrarian Reform.

Executive Order No

Vested the Land Bank of the Philippines with the responsibility of determining land valuation and compensation for lands covered by CARP.

Executive Order No

Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, and other lands suitable for agriculture.

Republic Act No

Amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP.

Republic Act No

Strengthened the implementation of CARP.

Executive Order No

Set conditions for land conversion and restricted the types of agricultural land that can be converted.

Republic Act No

Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act that plugged legal loopholes in land use conversion.

Republic Act No

Provided additional funding for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.

Executive Order No

Allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm operations into medium and large-scale integrated enterprises through the Farmer's Trust Fund.

Estrada Administration

The short-lived administration of President Joseph Estrada, which was demanded to be ousted by the masses.

Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo

The president who served from 2000-2010 and aimed to make the countryside economically viable through agrarian reform.

Land Tenure Improvement

The focus of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) on improving land distribution and leasehold to enhance the land tenure system.

Provision of Support Services

The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) includes not only land distribution but also support services such as credit assistance, extension services, and infrastructure development.

Infrastructure Projects

The DAR aims to transform agrarian reform communities (ARCs) into rural economic zones to create job opportunities in the countryside.

KALAHI ARZone

The KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones, launched under the Arroyo administration, aim to achieve greater agro-productivity in municipalities with a concentration of agrarian reform beneficiaries.

Agrarian Justice

The DAR under the Arroyo administration aimed to clear the backlog of agrarian cases by hiring more paralegal officers and introducing a quota system to expedite the resolution of agrarian reform cases.

Benigno Aquino III

The president who vowed to complete the CARP program and distributed family-owned lands, as well as privately-owned lands, to agrarian reform beneficiaries.

ARCCESS Project

A project created under the Aquino administration to contribute to rural poverty reduction in agrarian reform areas.

Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP)

A credit support program for crop production provided to agrarian reform beneficiaries' organizations and farmers' organizations.

Legal Case Monitoring System (LCMS)

A web-based system launched under the Aquino administration to record and monitor agrarian cases for faster resolution.

Rodrigo Roa Duterte

The current president who aims to pursue an aggressive land reform program, prioritizing support services alongside land distribution.

2nd Phase of Agrarian Reform

The initiative launched by Duterte to award undistributed lands to landless farmers under CARP.

Public Lands under Agrarian Reform

Duterte's plan to place almost all public lands, including military reserves, under agrarian reform.

Anti-Corruption Task Force

A task force created by the DAR under Duterte's administration to investigate and handle reports of alleged anomalous activities within the department.

Oplan Zero Backlog

The DAR's initiative to resolve agrarian justice-related cases promptly and fast-track the implementation of CARP.