Intermolecular Forces and Hydrogen Bonding

Flashcards covering key concepts related to intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding.

Intermolecular Forces

Relatively weak, short-range forces of attraction between molecules.

Permanent Dipole Attractions

Forces that result from the permanent dipoles in polar molecules.

Induced Dipole Attractions

Forces that result from the temporary, instantaneous dipoles induced in both non-polar and polar molecules.

van der Waals Forces

Forces that include both induced dipole and permanent dipole attractions.

Hydrogen Bond

Strong intermolecular attraction involving a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Boiling Point Anomaly

The observation that substances like H2O, NH3, and HF have higher boiling points than expected due to hydrogen bonding.

Johannes van der Waals

Dutch scientist who developed the theory explaining intermolecular forces between non-polar molecules.

Dipole

A molecule that has a positive and a negative end due to an uneven distribution of charge.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.

Hydrogen Bonding Requirements

Requires a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom and an unshared pair of electrons on a second electronegative atom.