QUIZ 1 Terms

Social Democracy

believe that the capitalist eco works for the common good that advocate for social and eco equality. all people should have basic rights

Anarchism

Fully rejects the state, doesnt want hierarchy as the upper class can manipulate the lower. Show no obedience to the law or any types of authority. They would have self governed communities.

Facism (main def)

combines aggressive forms of nationalism with a strong belief in the naturalness of inequality and opposition to both liberal democracy and communism

Fascism

They show absolute loyalty to the state. Foreigners and minorities face discrimination and are seen as a threat. Leaders are seen as mythical and can not be contested. Reject the European Enlightenment, see the world as survivial of the fittest.

Types of Authority

1. charismatic

2. traditional

3. legal

Charismatic Authority

form of leadership that stems from the persons quialities as a leader rather then formal ruling

Traditional Authority

based on families having power through generations

- Japanese emperors

legal/ rational authority

based on the persons legal rules/ procedures rather then persons traits

1st face of power

ability to affect decsions

2nd face of power

ability to ensure that issues are not rasied

3rd face of power

abilityt to affect the dominant idea of soceity

what does political ideaology mean?

set ideas, beliefs, values that explains how soceity should function

- something that is accepted by someones political thought

Liberalism

Core values are to protect individual rights - right to speech, private property and personal rights. To protect these freedoms, they want to limit the government, and have free markets, where the control is on the individual businesses rather then the gov.

Classical Liberalism

Core values are protecting individual rights and freedoms from the state. Wanting to limit government power in order to prevent abuse of authority. They support laissez-faire economic systems, meaning the government should take a hands-off approach to the economy by allowing for economic freedoms.

Laissez-faire economic system

The government is taking a hands-off approach to the economy by allowing for economic freedom.

Reform Liberalism

Supports a greater role for the government compared to classical. The increased role is used for addressing social and econmic inequalities, such as through affirmative action and social programs. They believe the state has the ability and responsibility to promote social justice and equality. They reject the idea of pure laissez-faire and favour some government regulation.

Neo-Liberalism

Supports free-market economics, privaitzation of government services, and reducing government spending and taxation. Supports the belief that people should be responsible for their own economic standing rather than relying on the state. They encourage entrepreneurship, competition and private investment, arguing that economic freedom allows people to choose, consume and compete in the market.

Conservatism

Emphasizes order, stability, tradition, and respect for authority. Based on the belief that humans are naturally imperfect and that society requires structure and rules to function properly. They support strong insituations and value moral and religious tradtions law. They are sceptical of the idea of absolute equality, believing that differences among people are natural.

The New Right

supports free markets and little involement with the government, thier policies are based on tradition and moral values. To them, achieving absolute equality is not possible and weakens the state.

Socialism

based on the view that humans are social in nature and that the capitalist system undermines the co-operative and community-oriented nature of humans.

Marxism

Karl Marx

Explotation of lower classes which would lead to overturning the government. Higher classes would profit from lower Bourgeosie and proletariat. They support a classless state.

Leninism

version of Marxism that supports that capistalist system can be overhtrown by force. they would need a disciplined party which would be controled by a revolutionary vanguard

Democratic Socialism

socialism should be achieved by democratic rather than revolutionary means,, and a socialist society should be democratic in nature, with political rights and freedoms respected

Liberal Feminism

Section of feminism that fought against the discrimination of women and their limited opportunities.

Glass ceilling

equality in education, employment, legal and political rights

Socialist Feminism

Opposed by both male-dominated characters of society and capitalist systems.

- housework and childcare are unpaid labour for patriarchal and capitalist society

European Enlightenment

18th cen, People's beliefs shifted from religious to actual reason and fact. were skeptical of authority and individualism.

French Revolution

third state era - common people paid taxes to higher powers. Challenged traditional authority, became a symbol of going against authority for change.

Political Culture

commonly shared attitudes, beliefs, and core values about how government should operate

Parochial Culture

People have no expectations for the government and do not participate (vote, protest). seen traditional and rural areas

Subject Political Culture

not politically active but still have some expections for the government

Participant political culture

play an active role like protesting and voting and have expectations

Civic culture

A political culture in which citizens hold values and beliefs that support democracy, including active participation in politics but also enough deference to the leadership to let it govern effectively

Political efficacy

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

political socialization

The process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions

Materialist Values

- Stress the importance of economic growth, physical security and order

postmaterialist values

Non-materialist values such as freedom of expression, participation, concern about the quality of life, and appreciation of a more beautiful environment.

Environmentalism

A social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species.

Reform environmentalism

A perspective that views the solution to environmental problems primarily in terms of better science, technology, and environmental management.

Free Market Environmentalism

The perspective that holds that guarantees of the rights of private property and a free-market economy are crucial to environmental protection.

Deep ecology

an environmental movement and philosophy that regards human life as just one of many equal components of a global ecosystem.

social ecology

views social, economic, and political relationships of hiearchy and domination as the cause of both human and environmental problems

ecofeminism

a philosophical and political movement that combines ecological concerns with feminist ones, regarding both as resulting from male domination of society.

populism

the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite

left-wing populism

directs its hostility toward the economic elite and those in the political establishment who are viewed as corrupted by that elite

right-wing populism

A set of ideas and constituencies that tend to celebrate an ideal notion of "the people" and that tend to hinge on anti-elitist discourses

radical feminism

Form of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is the result of male domination in all aspects of social and economic life.

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