Viral Replication

What are the SIX steps of viral replication?

1) Adsorption 2) Penetration 3) Uncoating 4) Synthesis 5) Assembly 6) Release

Absorption is the virus __________ to the surface of the cell.

attaching

Penetration is where the virus makes its way ____ the cell.

into

Uncoating is when the _____ or _________ (if present) are broken down releasing the ________ into the cell.

capsid, envelope, genome

Synthesis is where all of the viral parts are _____; the genome is ______ (i.e. DNA virus or RNA virus); genes are ________.

made, copied, expressed

Assembly is where all the viral parts come together like magnetic blocks to form a ______ nuclear _____.

mature, capsid

Release is where viruses are released from the ___.

cell

ADSORPTION: Viral ____ match the shape of a ______ and attaches to the host cell; cannot attach if incompatible.

spikes, receptor

ADSORPTION: The ____ Range is dependent on the shape of the spike and what receptors it’s able to interact with.

Host

PENETRATION: Most viruses get into the cell by way of _________ due to lock and key stimulation between spikes of virus and the receptors; virus is surrounded by the membrane and is let inside in the form of a ______.

endocytosis, vesicle

PENETRATION: Some ENVELOPED viruses get inside the cell through ________ _____: membrane of envelope merges with cellular membrane releasing the nuclear capsule inside the cell.

membrane fusion

ENCOATING: _______ start breaking down outer layers of the virus (i.e. capsid proteins, spikes, envelope, etc.) and releases the _______.

Enzymes, genome

SYNTHESIS: Virus parts are being made and the ________ is being copied by the ____ cell.

genome, host

ASSEMBLY: All of the viral parts come together spontaneously to form _____ viral _______.

mature, particles

RELEASE: ENVELOPED VIRUSES are liberated by _______ (must common) or sometimes __________.

budding, exocytosis

RELEASE (BUDDING OF ENVELOPED VIRUSES): Viral components of ENVELOPED viruses assemble at the ___ cell membrane, push through the membrane, and pinch off by means of an ________.

host, enzyme

RELEASE (NAKED VIRUSES): Released by means of ____: the host cell dies spilling out all of those virus particles at once.

lysis

RNA viral replication occurs in the _________ not in the _______ of the host cell.

cytoplasm, nucleus

Copying RNA is actually a ___- step process (go from positive to negative from negative to positive through replicase)

two

Replicase and Reverse Transcriptase tend to make a lot of errors producing ________ (kind of sucks at its job) and is why viruses become immune to medications and they have to be switched.

mutations

DNA viruses are ______ since the cell is good at dealing with it they do not need special enzymes like RNA.

simpler

Protein production during DNA virus replication happens in the ________ but everything else is happening inside the _______.

cytoplasm, nucleus