DECK 6: Development & Cell Fate Examples
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15 Terms
What is Waddington's Epigenetic Landscape?
A metaphor where a ball (cell) rolls through valleys (developmental pathways) to reach different fates
When was the epigenetic landscape proposed?
1957 (Waddington)
What does "differentiation is a forward-moving process" mean?
Cells progressively restrict their potential as they develop
What does "development is a historical process" mean?
The decisions a cell makes early on restrict its future fate
What does the Drosophila eve gene demonstrate?
A single gene can have multiple enhancers (5) driving different expression patterns (7 stripes)
How many enhancers control the eve gene?
5 tissue-specific enhancers
What does the MyoD enhancer demonstrate?
Autoregulation - transcription factors regulate their own expression
Who identified the MyoD distal regulatory region?
Tapscott, Lassar, and Weintraub (1992)
How far is the MyoD DRR from the TSS?
5 kb
What did the MyoD DRR contain?
Three potential MyoD binding sites and MEF2 sites
What is the Sox2 SCR enhancer?
A famous enhancer essential for gastrulation and Sox2 expression in ES cells
What binds to the Sox2 SCR enhancer?
Transcription factors, CTCF (insulator), active histone modifications
What happens if the Sox2 SCR enhancer is disrupted?
Disrupted gastrulation in mouse development
What tissues express genes controlled by tissue-specific enhancers?
Lung, heart, liver, breast, muscle, stomach, ovary, bladder, etc.