Social Problems - Chapter 7

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40 Terms

1
Norms
Rules and expectations by which society guides the behavior of its members.
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2
Law
A norm formally created through a society's political system.
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3
Crime
The violation of a law enacted by the local, state, or federal government.
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4
Misdemeanor
A less serious crime punishable by less than one year in prison.
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5
Felony
A more serious crime punishable by at least one year in prison.
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6
Crime against property
Crime that involves a theft of property belonging to others.
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7
Crime against persons
Crime that involves violence or the threat of violence against others.
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8
Stalking
Repeated efforts by someone to establish a relationship against the will of a victim.
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9
Juvenile delinquency
Violation of the law by young people.
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10
Hate Crime
A criminal offence motivated by the offender's bias against race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, or ethnicity.
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11
White-Collar Crimes
Illegal activities conducted by people of high social position during the course of their employment or regular business activities.
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12
Corporate Crime
An illegal act committed by a corporation or a person acting on its behalf.
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13
Organized crime
A business operation that supplies illegal goods and services.
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14
Victimless crimes
Offences that only directly harm the person who commits them.
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15
Violence
A behavior that causes injury to people or damage to property.
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16
Institutional violence
Violence carried out by government representatives under the law.
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17
Anti-institutional violence
Violence directed at the government in violation of the law.
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18
Mass murder
The intentional, unlawful killing of three or more people at one time and place.
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19
Serial murder
The killing of several people by one offender over a period of time.
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20
Youth gangs
Groups of young people who identify with one another and with a particular territory.
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21
Criminal Justice System
Society's use of due process, involving police, courts, and punishment to enforce the law.
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22
Plea bargaining
A negotiation in which the state reduces the defendant's charge in exchange for a guilty plea.
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23
Retribution
Moral vengeance by which a society inflicts on the offender suffering comparable to that caused by the offense.
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24
Deterrence
Using punishment to discourage further crime.
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25
Rehabilitation
Reforming an offender to prevent further offenses.
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26
Societal protection
Protecting the public by using incarceration or execution to prevent an offender from committing further offenses.
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27
Criminal recidivism
Later offenses by people who were previously convicted of crimes.
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28
Restorative justice
A response to crime, seeking to restore the well-being of a victim, offender, and larger communities lost due to crime.
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29
Community-based corrections
Correctional programs that take place in local communities rather than behind prison walls.
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30

Henry Kempe

 discovered child abuse in 1958, created the first “Child Protection Team”

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31

Gov. George Ryan of Illinois

made announcement in 2000, banning death penalty

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32

Gov. Pat Quinn of Illinois

outlawed death penalty

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33

1990

California established the nation's first anti-stalking law

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34

2005

 U.S. Supreme court ruled against death sentence for juveniles

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35

1980’s

Hate crimes deemed a social problem

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36

2009

Matther Sheperd and James Bryd Jr. Hate Crime Prevention Act

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37

1990

Hate Crime Statistics Act passed by Congress

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38

1970

Congress passed RICO, allowing for the seizing of property involved in illegal activity

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39

1966

Child Abuse is a crime

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40

2018

First Step Act passed by Congress, allowed prisoners to serve less time for good behavior + provided job training

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