Forensics test 2 Ballistics

class characteristics

Features shared by a group of firearms (e.g., caliber, rifling patterns)

individual characteristics

Unique features specific to a single weapon (e.g., striations).

rifling marks

Spiral grooves inside a barrel that spin bullets and create lands and grooves

caliber

The internal diameter of a gun barrel, measured in inches or millimeters.

lands and grooves

Raised and cut areas in rifling that leave marks on bullets.

gunshot residue

Residue from firing a weapon (e.g., lead, barium) used to determine recent firing.

IBIS

Integrated Ballistics Identification System; a database for comparing bullets and cartridge cases.

striations

Fine lines on bullets caused by barrel imperfections, used to identify a weapon.

radial fractures

Cracks that radiate outward from the point of impact in glass.

concentric fractures

Circular cracks around the point of impact in glass.

shotgun chokes

Control the spread of shot, affecting pattern and range.