BẢNG TỪ ĐỀ SỐ 4 - Mrs Trang Anh Vocabulary Review

Vocabulary and terminology from Reading 8, Reading 10, and additional sections from Lesson Note 4, including phrasal verbs, idioms, and specialized terms.

liberate (v)

To help someone or something to be free. Synonyms: free.

champion (v)

To support, defend, or fight for a person, belief, right, or principle.

de-risk (v)

To reduce the level of risk in a plan, business, etc.

contend (v)

To say that something is true.

The bulk of (phr)

The main part of something; most of something. Note: 'In bulk' means in large amounts.

pivotal (adj)

Central and important.

tense (adj)

Nervous and worried and unable to relax.

prolific (adj)

Producing a great number or amount of something.

contravention (n)

The action of doing something that a law or rule does not allow, or the actual thing that is done. Structure: in contravention of sth.

pledges (n)

A serious or formal promise, especially one to give money or to be a friend, or something that you give as a sign that you will keep a promise.

duplicity (n)

Dishonest talk or behaviour, especially by saying different things to different people about a particular subject.

exigent (adj)

Needing urgent attention, or demanding too much from other people.

contend with (phr v)

To have to deal with a difficult or unpleasant situation.

pioneer (v)

To be one of the first people to do something.

hinge on (phr v)

To depend on something, or to be based on something.

pragmatic (adj)

Solving problems in a sensible way that suits the conditions that really exist now, rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas, or rules.

institutional investors (n)

A large organization, such as a bank, pension fund, or insurance company, that invests other people's money on a stock market.

preclude (v)

To prevent something or make it impossible. Structure: be precluded from doing sth.

sovereign (adj)

Used to describe money that is borrowed or invested by national governments (e.g., 'sovereign credit ratings').

fiduciary (adj)

Relating to the responsibility to take care of someone else's money in a suitable way.

impeccable (adj)

Perfect, with no faults. Synonyms: perfect.

repackage (v)

To package something again; in a financial context, to restructure.

deem (v)

To consider or judge something in a particular way.

virtuous circle (np)

A situation in which a favourable reaction leads to another similar reaction, which in turn brings about a further similar reaction, and so on.

re-deploy (v)

To use something in a different way or for a different purpose.

portfolio (n)

A collection of all the investments that a person or company owns.

laud (v)

To praise. Synonyms: praise.

mobilize (v)

To organize or prepare something, such as a group of people, for a particular purpose.

colossal (adj)

Extremely large. Synonyms: enormous, huge.

leverage (v)

To use something that you already have in order to achieve something new or better.

soar (v)

To rise very quickly to a high level.

target (v)

To direct advertising, criticism, or a product at someone.

insidious (adj)

(Of something unpleasant or dangerous) gradually and secretly causing harm.

deceptive (adj)

Making you believe something that is not true.

aliases (n)

A false name, especially one used by a criminal.

unsolicited cold calls (n)

A phone call or visit from someone trying to sell something, who has not been asked to do so.

spurious (adj)

False and not what it appears to be, or based on something that has not been correctly understood. Synonyms: false.

curtail (v)

To stop something before it is finished, or to reduce or limit something.

supposedly (adv)

Used to show that you do not believe that something you have been told is true.

optimize (v)

To make something as good or effective as possible.

deceptively sophisticated (adv + adj)

Clever and complicated in a way that is intended to make you believe something that is not true.

bolstered by (v)

Supported or improved by something, making it stronger.

fabricated (adj)

Made up or invented in order to deceive people.

phony endorsements (np)

The fake case of a famous person appearing in an advertisement saying that they use and like a product.

a veneer of legitimacy (n)

A quality of being reasonable and acceptable that hides something unpleasant or unwanted.

prey on (phr v)

To hurt or deceive a group of people, especially people who are weak or can easily be hurt.

invariably (adv)

In a way that does not change. Synonyms: always.

duped into (v)

To be deceived, usually by making one do something they did not intend to do. Structure: dupe sb into doing sth.

discernible (adj)

Able to be seen, heard, or understood. Synonyms: perceptible.

being flogged (v)

To be sold, especially quickly or cheaply.

red flag (np)

A sign that something is wrong.

forensic investigations (np)

Investigations related to scientific methods of solving crimes.

shoddy workmanship (np)

Work done badly and with not enough care or skill.

substandard components (np)

Parts or elements that are below the usual or required standard.

critical defects (np)

Extremely serious or dangerous faults or problems in something or someone.

precipitate (v)

To make something happen suddenly or sooner than expected. Synonyms: bring on, trigger.

ineffectual (adj)

Not skilled at achieving, or not able to produce, good results.

hazardous (adj)

Dangerous. Synonyms: dangerous, risky.

pretext for (np)

A reason that you give to hide your real reason for doing something. Structure: on/under the pretext of/that.

pernicious (adj)

Having a very harmful effect or influence. Synonyms: insidious, damaging.

ruse (n)

A trick intended to deceive someone.

harvest (v)

To collect details (such as names, addresses, and email addresses) from websites, etc.

perpetrate (v)

To commit a crime or a violent or harmful act.

categorically (adv)

In a way that is very clear, direct, and certain.

disregard (v)

To ignore something. Synonyms: ignore.

actualize (v)

To make innovative ideas happen in reality; to turn theory into practice.

civic purpose (np)

A sense of duty or responsibility towards one's community or fellow citizens.

energy consumption (np)

The amount of energy used.

ethical framework (np)

A clear set of principles used to guide business or personal decisions based on morals.

multifaceted endeavor (np)

An effort involving many different aspects, stakeholders, or layers.

opaqueness (n)

The quality of being difficult to see through or understand; lack of transparency.

overshadow (v)

To make something else seem less important or less successful.

robust (adj)

Vibrant and strong; built with a structure designed to withstand pressure or damage.

urban infrastructure (np)

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a city.

aesthete (n)

A person who has a high appreciation of art and beauty.

aesthetic (adj)

Relating to beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

airborne (adj)

Carried by or through the air.

cutting-edge (adj)

Highly advanced; using the latest technology or methods.

eradicate (v)

To get rid of something completely; to eliminate.

game-changer (n)

An event, idea, or procedure that effects a significant shift in the current manner of doing or thinking about something.

hands-on (adj)

Involving direct practical experience rather than theory.

nanofiltration (n)

A process using membrane technology to remove microscopic contaminants from water.

unrivaled (adj)

Better than everyone or everything else; having no equal.

whisper-quiet (adj)

Operating in an extremely quiet manner, almost without noise.

grapple with sth (phr v)

To struggle or wrestle with a difficult problem or increasing costs.

speak down to sb (v phr)

To speak to someone in a patronizing or condescending way, as if they are less important or intelligent.

stand up for (phr v)

To defend or support someone or something that is being unfairly criticized or treated.