ANP CHAP 2 LAB- Organ System Overview

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Thymus

An irregular mass of glandular tissue overlying the heart (not illustrated in the human cadaver photograph).

Heart:

Medial oval structure enclosed within the pericardium

(serous membrane).

Lungs

Lateral to the heart on either side.

Trachea

Tubelike “windpipe” running medially down the

throat; part of the respiratory system.

Bronchi

Two passageways that plunge laterally into the tissue

of the two lungs.

Esophagus

A food chute; the part of the digestive system

that transports food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach.

Diaphragm

A thin muscle attached to the inferior boundary

of the rib cage.

Stomach

A curved organ important in food digestion and

temporary food storage.

Small intestine:

Connected to the stomach and ending just

before the saclike cecum.

Large intestine

A large muscular tube connected to the small

intestine and ending at the anus.

Cecum

The initial portion of the large intestine.

Rectum:

Terminal part of the large intestine; continuous with

the anal canal.

anus

The opening of the digestive tract (through the anal

canal) to the exterior.

Mesentery

An apronlike serous membrane; suspends many

of the digestive organs in the abdominal cavity. Notice that it

is heavily invested with blood vessels and, more likely than not,

riddled with large fat deposits.

Pancreas

a diffuse gland; rests dorsal to and in the mesentery

between the first portion of the small intestine and the stom-

ach. You will need to lift the stomach to view the pancreas

Spleen

A dark red organ curving around the left lateral side

of the stomach; an organ of the lymphatic system, it is often

called the red blood cell “graveyard.”

liver

Large and brownish red; the most superior organ in the

abdominal cavity, directly beneath the diaphragm.

Kidneys

Bean-shaped organs; retroperitoneal (behind the

­ peritoneum).

Adrenal glands

Large endocrine glands that sit on top of

each kidney; considered part of the endocrine system.

Ureter

Tube running from the indented region of a kidney to

the urinary bladder.

Urinary bladder

The sac that serves as a reservoir for urine.

Inferior vena cava

The large vein that returns blood to the

heart from the lower body regions.

Descending aorta

Deep to the inferior vena cava; the largest

artery of the body; carries blood away from the heart.

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