circulation

plasma structure and function

55% of blood volume, mostly water

contents: albumin which maintains blood pressure and volume, globulins which include antibodies that fight infection (not just one for blood, but also infection and immune system), and fibrinogen which is for the clot formation (released by plasma then converted to fibrin). platelets are also suspended.

agglutination

erythrocytes clump together when antibodies in your blood react with the antigens on the donor blood cells.

erythrocytes structure and function

biconcave shape that helps cell to move through blood vessels which increases the SA for hemoglobin. they loose their nucleus as they mature. they do not undergo mitosis, they are made!

hemoglobin inside (special protein) binds to O₂ in lungs to be carried to tissues

hemoglobin structure and function

complex protein made up of 4 protein chains, each with a central iron-containing heme group.

not enough iron → hemoglobin will not be able to bind to oxygen. without iron, you can't put it together → not successful oxygen.

leukocytes structure and function

produced in bone marrow. amoeboid-shaped. larger than erythrocytes but fewer in number. has a nucleus and lysosomes (digests foreign bacteria) for immune responses, can move out of bloodstream and attack pathogens.

attracted to injury, responds to injury and infection by attacking/engulfing pathogens.

platelets structure and function.

fragments of special cells from the bone marrow. important for circulatory system repair. form blood clots.

plug formation:

Detect damaged blood vessels

Burst and release special adhesive chemicals

Platelets stick together and form a platelet plug

Through chemical reactions, forms strand-like fibrin molecule

A mesh of fibrin strands forms a blood clot

Clot protects body from losing blood through the damaged vessel

Holds vessel wound together until it can be reconstructed with new tissue growth

Diastole (bottom number)

when heart is relaxing, period of relaxation, filling of the heart with blood.

Systole (top number, cincerning if over 140, heart is pumping too hard)!!!

Systole. Contraction period.

Period of contraction

Emptying heart of blood