PHYSICAL SCIENCE HONORS

1. kinetic energy

1. K= 1/2mv²

2. potential energy

2. P= mgh

3. force

3. F=ma

4. acceleration

4. A= vf-vi/t

5. speed

5. speed= distance/time

6. hydrochloric acid

6. HCl

7. nitric acid

7. HNO3

8. sulfuric acid

8. H2SO4

9. phosphoric acid

9. H3PO4

10. ammonia

10. NH3

11. methane

11. CH4

12. diatomic elements

12. BrINClHOF

13. What state of matter are acids usually?

aqueous solutions

14. What is an exothermic reaction?

when energy is RELEASED and it feels WARM

15. What is an endothermic reaction?

when energy is ABSORBED and it feels COOL

16. What is a precipitate?

16. a solid that forms from two aqueous solutions

17. What is a scalar quantity?

17. only has magnitude

18. What is a vector quantity?

18. has magnitude AND dirrection

19. What is the slope of a DISTANCE-TIME graph?

speed

20. What is the slope of a SPEED-TIME graph?

acceleration

21. What is a straight line on a SPEED-TIME graph?

constant acceleration

22. What is instantaneous speed?

the rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time

23. What two things does gravity depend on?

object's mass and distance between two objects

24. What is normal force?

the perpendicular force that prevents objects from "falling" into whatever they are sitting upon

25. What is Newton's first law?

25. law of inertia --> an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

26. What is Newton's second law?

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it (F=ma)

27. What is Newton's third law?

27. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

28. What is the calculation for weight?

mass x acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s)

21. What is a straight line on a SPEED-TIME graph?

acceleration

22. What is instantaneous speed?

the rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time

23. What two things does gravity depend on?

object's mass and distance between two objects

24. What is normal force?

the perpendicular force that prevents objects from "falling" into whatever they are sitting upon

30. What are the two types of nuclear energy?

fission and fusion

31. What is mechanical energy?

31. the sum of an object's potential and kinetic energy (total energy)

32. What type of energy is inside of a battery?

chemical energy

33. What is electromagnetic energy?

energy that travels through space in the form of waves

34. What is energy measured in?

joules

35. What is the equation for work?

work= force x distance

36. What is the equation for power?

power= work/time

37. What is power measured in?

37. watts

38. What is a watt?

38. 1 Joule/second

39. What is the unit for potential and kinetic energy?

Joules

40. What is a Joule?

40. 1kg x m2/s2

41. What is radioactive decay?

41. when a radioisotope emits radiation in order to gain a more stable configuration

42. What is the strong nuclear force?

the force holding together the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

43. What is the electrostatic force?

The force of protons repelling each other inside of the nucleus

44. What is the neutron to proton stability ratio of elements 1-26?

1:1

45. What is the neutron to proton stability ratio of elements 26-82?

1.5:1

What is the neutron to proton stability ratio of elements >83?

they are radioactive

47. What is the result of alpha decay?

the mass number decreases by 4 and the atomic number decreases by 2

48. What is the result of beta decay?

the atomic number increases by one, and mass number does not change

49. What type of material can stop beta emission?

metal foil

50. What type of material can stop alpha emission?

paper

51. What type of material can block gamma radiation?

lead or concrete

52. What is Ohm's law?

52. V = I x R

53. What are the units for each part of Ohm's law?

Resistance = ohms

Voltage= volts

Current= amps