Ch1: Phylogeny review and Origins of Photosynthetic life

define vertebrates

animals with a rigid

backbone

define mammals

mammary glands and

a body that is covered with hair

the root of a phylogenic tree represents…

shared common ancestor

what are sister species (aka sister taxa)? And tell me which ones are the sister species.

Sister taxa are two branches off a single node. They are the closest descendents. Species 3 and 4 are sister species.

sister species are also known as

sister taxa

identify one pair of sister clades (aka sister taxon)

clade 2 is a sister clade to the clade containing clades 3 and 4

what makes two phylogenic trees the same?

if they have ALL the same clades

what are the 3 life domains?

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Are bacteria eurkaryote or prokaryote? Additionally do they have nuclei

prokaryote, no nuclei

Are archae eurkaryote or prokaryote? Additionally do they have nuclei

prokaryote, no nuclei

Are eurkarya eurkaryote or prokaryote? Additionally do they have nuclei

eurokaryote, yes nuclei

what is the equation for photosynthesis (bare bones, no atp)

CO2 + H2O —> Glucose + O2

what are cyanobacteria. do they have nucleus? what shape are their chromosomes?

photosynthetic prokaryotes; no nucleus; circular chromosomes

true or false. Cyanobacteria were the first orgnaisms to do oxygenic photosynthesis (as opposed to carbon input)

true

Describe 4 stages of free oxygen in earth’s atmosphere

1. Little atmospheric or marine O2

2. Minimal increased O2. O2 mostly absorbed by ocean & marine rocks.

3. Minimal increase O2 due to outgassing into atmosphere. O2 is mainly absorbed by terrestrial rock.

4. and 5. Great Oxygenation event. Increase in aerobic life. Set the scene for diverse eurkaryotes.

true or false. Cyanobacteria cannot “fix” nitrogen gas from atmosphere.

false. Cyanobacteria CAN “fix” nitrogen gas from atmosphere.

equation for fixing nitrogen gas

N2 (gas) —> NH4 + NO2- & NO3- (fertilizers)

After cyanobacteria “fixes” nitrogen gas into fertilizer, what was it used for

synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids

Out of Red algae, Green algae, Euglena, and Brown algae, which ones are plants by primary endosymbiosis and which ones are not plants.

Plants: Red and green algae

Not Plant: Euglena and brown algae